Exam 8: Systemic Racism: Other Americans of Color

In a study of Latino sixth-graders in Los Angeles, the researcher found:

The first extensive discrimination targeting U.S. Latinos was aimed at ____________ in the mid-nineteenth century.

New white-Latino and white-Asian intermarriages account for ____ percent of all intermarriages.

In the early decades of the Anglo-American settlement of the Southwest, a few lighter-skinned Mexican Americans in Texas, New Mexico, and California, mainly those with land and money, were treated as "honorary whites."

Recently, researcher Celia Olivia Lacayo interviewed a random sample of 40 mostly well-educated middle-class and upper-class whites in Orange County, who:

Recently, researcher Celia Olivia Lacayo interviewed a random sample of 40 mostly well-educated middle-class and upper-class whites in Orange County, who framed Latinos as:

Does it matter how a slur or derogatory term is being used, who is using it, and/or to whom the user is referring?

Describe Erica Childs' data on white-black couples. What is the significance of Childs' data?

______________ was a 1994 ballot initiative to prohibit illegal immigrants from using non-emergency health care, public education, and other services in the State of California.

A national survey by the Pew Center found that 22 percent of first-generation Latinos and 25 percent of second-generation Latinos reported that being Latino hurt job-finding chances.

In her study of employment discrimination, Lei Lai found:

In the aftermath of Colten Boushie's death and the acquittal of the white man who shot and killed him, Universities Canada - an organization that represents the country's institutions of higher learning - released a statement affirming its commitment to supporting the Indigenous community. The statement read: We are fully committed to supporting our Indigenous students, faculty, staff and local communities now and in the weeks and months to come. As Canadian society grapples with the ongoing reality of racism and the challenges of reconciliation, Canada's universities reaffirm our commitment to fostering a renewed relationship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples in Canada, by examining and changing our own institutional approaches, policies, practices and structures. . . . As public institutions of learning, discovery, and community service that deeply value dialogue, debate, and cross-cultural exchange, Canada's universities are committed to a leadership role in advancing reconciliation in Canada. Such sentiments are important but what is needed for genuine and effective change to occur are large-scale educational efforts. For example, educational endeavors must involve frank and extensive discussions that include the relevant concepts of systemic racism, racial alexithymia, the white racial frame, the pro-white subframe, the anti-others subframe, and counter-framing. What might such an educational endeavor look like?

Discuss the study that examined whether Californians with white-black, or other mixed-racial heritage, could successfully assert a multiracial or white identity.

Periodically, since the 1930s Great Depression, employers and their allies in government have sought Mexican workers to do low-wage agricultural and manufacturing jobs.

What is off-white adjacency?

In 2017, analysts summarized patterns of anti-Asian discrimination as they countered white notions about Asian Americans doing well as a "model minority." Explain.