Question 1

According to Chapter 9, cultural relativism is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The view that morality does not really exist, although most cultures have convinced their members that it does. 
B)  The view that there are seven major civilizations in the world, each with a distinct moral code. 
C)  The view that morality is determined by the culture that has the most power in a geographical area. 
D)  The view that what is morally right or wrong for a person is determined by the moral beliefs of that person's culture. 
A)  The view that morality does not really exist, although most cultures have convinced their members that it does. 
B)  The view that there are seven major civilizations in the world, each with a distinct moral code. 
C)  The view that morality is determined by the culture that has the most power in a geographical area. 
D)  The view that what is morally right or wrong for a person is determined by the moral beliefs of that person's culture.

Question 2

Reflective equilibrium is the state in which the moral principles that one accepts fit together well with the moral judgments one makes about particular cases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What is the difference between descriptive cultural relativism and normative cultural relativism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Normative cultural relativism says that what is morally right or wrong for a person depends on the moral beliefs of that person's culture, whereas descriptive cultural relativism says that most people in a particular culture believe in normative cultural relativism. 
B)  Normative cultural relativism says that different cultures accept different moral beliefs, whereas descriptive cultural relativism says that the moral beliefs of a culture determine what is morally right or wrong for members of that culture. 
C)  Descriptive cultural relativism says that different cultures accept different moral beliefs, whereas normative cultural relativism says that the moral beliefs of a culture determine what is morally right or wrong for members of that culture. 
D)  Descriptive cultural relativism says that what is morally right or wrong for a person depends on the moral beliefs of that person's culture, whereas normative cultural relativism says that most people in a particular culture believe in descriptive cultural relativism. 
A)  Normative cultural relativism says that what is morally right or wrong for a person depends on the moral beliefs of that person's culture, whereas descriptive cultural relativism says that most people in a particular culture believe in normative cultural relativism. 
B)  Normative cultural relativism says that different cultures accept different moral beliefs, whereas descriptive cultural relativism says that the moral beliefs of a culture determine what is morally right or wrong for members of that culture. 
C)  Descriptive cultural relativism says that different cultures accept different moral beliefs, whereas normative cultural relativism says that the moral beliefs of a culture determine what is morally right or wrong for members of that culture. 
D)  Descriptive cultural relativism says that what is morally right or wrong for a person depends on the moral beliefs of that person's culture, whereas normative cultural relativism says that most people in a particular culture believe in descriptive cultural relativism.

Question 4

Someone's moral beliefs are inconsistent if at least one of his or her moral beliefs contradicts at least one other of his or her moral beliefs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Metaethics is the study of the nature of morality and of moral language and thought.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

In your own words, explain the MORAL DISAGREEMENT argument from Chapter 9, along with the main criticism of that argument.

Accepted Answer

The MORAL DISAGREEMENT argument from Cha

Question 7

Why, according to Chapter 9, would the truth of moral subjectivism have only a minor effect on moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because most people would still be persuaded by moral arguments because they do not believe in moral subjectivism. 
B)  Because you could still use arguments to show what follows from your own or someone else's moral beliefs. 
C)  Because if moral subjectivism is true, then morality is all about power and reasoning with others as a form of exercising power. 
D)  Because unlike cultural relativism, moral subjectivism leaves it up to each person to decide for him- or herself which moral claims are true. 
A)  Because most people would still be persuaded by moral arguments because they do not believe in moral subjectivism. 
B)  Because you could still use arguments to show what follows from your own or someone else's moral beliefs. 
C)  Because if moral subjectivism is true, then morality is all about power and reasoning with others as a form of exercising power. 
D)  Because unlike cultural relativism, moral subjectivism leaves it up to each person to decide for him- or herself which moral claims are true.

Question 8

If different cultures have different moral beliefs, that entails that normative cultural relativism is true.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

If moral subjectivism is true, then there is no point to moral reasoning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Moral skepticism, as defined in Chapter 9, is the view that there are no objective moral truths.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Define moral subjectivism.

Accepted Answer

A)  Moral subjectivism is the view that the moral truths for members of a particular culture are determined by that culture's moral beliefs. 
B)  Moral subjectivism is the view that there are no moral truths. 
C)  Moral subjectivism is the view that each person's moral beliefs determine what moral claims are true for that person. 
D)  Moral subjectivism is the view that each person ought to seek to make his or her personal moral beliefs internally consistent. 
A)  Moral subjectivism is the view that the moral truths for members of a particular culture are determined by that culture's moral beliefs. 
B)  Moral subjectivism is the view that there are no moral truths. 
C)  Moral subjectivism is the view that each person's moral beliefs determine what moral claims are true for that person. 
D)  Moral subjectivism is the view that each person ought to seek to make his or her personal moral beliefs internally consistent.

Question 12

The idea that everyone should be tolerant of others is a good reason to accept moral subjectivism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What does it mean for someone's moral beliefs to be inconsistent?

Accepted Answer

A)  That their moral beliefs conflict with the moral beliefs of their culture. 
B)  That they belong to overlapping cultures that hold contradictory moral beliefs. 
C)  That some of their moral beliefs contradict some of their other moral beliefs. 
D)  That they have been misled by one or more bad arguments for moral skepticism. 
A)  That their moral beliefs conflict with the moral beliefs of their culture. 
B)  That they belong to overlapping cultures that hold contradictory moral beliefs. 
C)  That some of their moral beliefs contradict some of their other moral beliefs. 
D)  That they have been misled by one or more bad arguments for moral skepticism.

Question 14

Reflective equilibrium, as defined in Chapter 9, is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The state of having consistent, coherent moral beliefs. 
B)  The state of having consistent, coherent metaethical beliefs. 
C)  The state of being able to act on your moral beliefs without being tempted to pursue your self-interest instead. 
D)  The state of being able to give reasons for each of your moral intuitions. 
A)  The state of having consistent, coherent moral beliefs. 
B)  The state of having consistent, coherent metaethical beliefs. 
C)  The state of being able to act on your moral beliefs without being tempted to pursue your self-interest instead. 
D)  The state of being able to give reasons for each of your moral intuitions.

Question 15

Cultural relativism is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The view that it is up to each person to decide for himself or herself what is morally right or wrong. 
B)  The view that a person's culture determines what is morally right or wrong for that person. 
C)  The view that members of one culture cannot make moral judgments about members of a different culture. 
D)  The view that different societies accept different moral codes. 
A)  The view that it is up to each person to decide for himself or herself what is morally right or wrong. 
B)  The view that a person's culture determines what is morally right or wrong for that person. 
C)  The view that members of one culture cannot make moral judgments about members of a different culture. 
D)  The view that different societies accept different moral codes.

Question 16

What is moral nihilism? Do you think moral nihilism is correct? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Moral nihilism is the belief that there

According to Chapter 9, cultural relativism is:

Reflective equilibrium is the state in which the moral principles that one accepts fit together well with the moral judgments one makes about particular cases.

What is the difference between descriptive cultural relativism and normative cultural relativism?

Someone's moral beliefs are inconsistent if at least one of his or her moral beliefs contradicts at least one other of his or her moral beliefs.

Metaethics is the study of the nature of morality and of moral language and thought.

In your own words, explain the MORAL DISAGREEMENT argument from Chapter 9, along with the main criticism of that argument.

Why, according to Chapter 9, would the truth of moral subjectivism have only a minor effect on moral reasoning?

If different cultures have different moral beliefs, that entails that normative cultural relativism is true.

If moral subjectivism is true, then there is no point to moral reasoning.

Moral skepticism, as defined in Chapter 9, is the view that there are no objective moral truths.

Define moral subjectivism.

The idea that everyone should be tolerant of others is a good reason to accept moral subjectivism.

What does it mean for someone's moral beliefs to be inconsistent?

Reflective equilibrium, as defined in Chapter 9, is:

Cultural relativism is:

What is moral nihilism? Do you think moral nihilism is correct? Why or why not?

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

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Exam 9: Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

According to Chapter 9, cultural relativism is:

Reflective equilibrium is the state in which the moral principles that one accepts fit together well with the moral judgments one makes about particular cases.

What is the difference between descriptive cultural relativism and normative cultural relativism?

Someone's moral beliefs are inconsistent if at least one of his or her moral beliefs contradicts at least one other of his or her moral beliefs.

Metaethics is the study of the nature of morality and of moral language and thought.

In your own words, explain the MORAL DISAGREEMENT argument from Chapter 9, along with the main criticism of that argument.

Why, according to Chapter 9, would the truth of moral subjectivism have only a minor effect on moral reasoning?

If different cultures have different moral beliefs, that entails that normative cultural relativism is true.

If moral subjectivism is true, then there is no point to moral reasoning.

Moral skepticism, as defined in Chapter 9, is the view that there are no objective moral truths.

Define moral subjectivism.

The idea that everyone should be tolerant of others is a good reason to accept moral subjectivism.

What does it mean for someone's moral beliefs to be inconsistent?

Reflective equilibrium, as defined in Chapter 9, is:

Cultural relativism is:

What is moral nihilism? Do you think moral nihilism is correct? Why or why not?

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

Filters