Question 1

Does the fact that people disagree about morality provide a good reason to accept some form of moral skepticism? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The fact that people disagree about mora

Question 2

What is reflective equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A)  The state in which your beliefs cannot be changed by further evidence because they have reached equilibrium. 
B)  The situation in which your general moral principles and your particular moral judgments all fit together coherently. 
C)  The state in which you have reflected deeply enough on your beliefs to have eliminated beliefs caused by superstition, bias, and other bad influences. 
D)  The situation in which the different subcultures manage to balance their conflicting moral beliefs to achieve a stable culture. 
A)  The state in which your beliefs cannot be changed by further evidence because they have reached equilibrium. 
B)  The situation in which your general moral principles and your particular moral judgments all fit together coherently. 
C)  The state in which you have reflected deeply enough on your beliefs to have eliminated beliefs caused by superstition, bias, and other bad influences. 
D)  The situation in which the different subcultures manage to balance their conflicting moral beliefs to achieve a stable culture.

Question 3

Which of the following best explains the relationship between moral subjectivism and moral disagreement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Moral subjectivism entails that moral disagreement is impossible. 
B)  Unresolvable moral disagreements entail that moral subjectivism is true. 
C)  Moral subjectivism entails that all moral disagreements depend on disagreements about nonmoral facts. 
D)  Moral disagreement is only possible if moral subjectivism is true. 
A)  Moral subjectivism entails that moral disagreement is impossible. 
B)  Unresolvable moral disagreements entail that moral subjectivism is true. 
C)  Moral subjectivism entails that all moral disagreements depend on disagreements about nonmoral facts. 
D)  Moral disagreement is only possible if moral subjectivism is true.

Question 4

Of the various problems for cultural relativism raised in Chapter 9, which do you think is most important? Why?

Accepted Answer

In Chapter 9, several problems for cultu

Question 5

An important role for moral reasoning involves identifying and eliminating inconsistencies in one's moral beliefs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Cultural relativism, as defined in Chapter 9, is the view that the moral beliefs of a person's culture determine what is morally right or wrong for that person.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

What's wrong with the MORAL DISAGREEMENT argument for moral skepticism, according to Chapter 9?

Accepted Answer

A)  It ignores the fact that God has revealed the moral truth to those willing to listen. 
B)  It has the same structure as an obviously mistaken argument for skepticism about things like the shape of the Earth. 
C)  Morality is objective even if people don't agree about it. 
D)  People don't really disagree about morality. 
A)  It ignores the fact that God has revealed the moral truth to those willing to listen. 
B)  It has the same structure as an obviously mistaken argument for skepticism about things like the shape of the Earth. 
C)  Morality is objective even if people don't agree about it. 
D)  People don't really disagree about morality.

Question 8

Define moral subjectivism. If moral subjectivism were true, what difference would that make to moral reasoning? Why?

Accepted Answer

Moral subjectivism is the belief that mo

Question 9

Wide reflective equilibrium is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The state in which your moral beliefs not only fit together well but are also true. 
B)  When most people in a particular culture achieve reflective equilibrium. 
C)  The state in which your moral beliefs not only fit together with one another but also fit with your nonmoral beliefs. 
D)  When someone achieves reflective equilibrium and realizes that he or she has done so. 
A)  The state in which your moral beliefs not only fit together well but are also true. 
B)  When most people in a particular culture achieve reflective equilibrium. 
C)  The state in which your moral beliefs not only fit together with one another but also fit with your nonmoral beliefs. 
D)  When someone achieves reflective equilibrium and realizes that he or she has done so.

Question 10

Moral skepticism is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The view that there is no objective truth about morality. 
B)  The view that morality is relative to culture. 
C)  The view that everyone's moral views are correct for them. 
D)  The view that morality varies from place to place. 
A)  The view that there is no objective truth about morality. 
B)  The view that morality is relative to culture. 
C)  The view that everyone's moral views are correct for them. 
D)  The view that morality varies from place to place.

Question 11

What is cultural relativism, as defined in Chapter 9? If cultural relativism were true, what difference would that make to moral reasoning? Why?

Accepted Answer

Cultural relativism, as defined in Chapt

Question 12

What does Frederick Douglass's AGAINST SLAVERY argument show about cultural relativism?

Accepted Answer

A)  That the need to resolve contradictions within a culture's moral code shows the need for moral reasoning even if cultural relativism is true. 
B)  That the moral code of the pre-Civil War American South was worse than the moral code of the contemporary United States. 
C)  That cultural relativism never has clear implications for what someone ought to do. 
D)  That cultural relativism cannot be true because that would lead to contradictions. 
A)  That the need to resolve contradictions within a culture's moral code shows the need for moral reasoning even if cultural relativism is true. 
B)  That the moral code of the pre-Civil War American South was worse than the moral code of the contemporary United States. 
C)  That cultural relativism never has clear implications for what someone ought to do. 
D)  That cultural relativism cannot be true because that would lead to contradictions.

Question 13

If moral nihilism is true, then nothing is morally wrong.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

What is metaethics? Give one example of a metaethical question.

Accepted Answer

Metaethics is a branch of ethics that ex

Question 15

Which of the following best captures the problem with the argument that if moral subjectivism is true, then everyone should be tolerant of others' moral beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A)  If moral subjectivism is true, then those with intolerant beliefs should not tolerate others. 
B)  If moral subjectivism is true, then people should only tolerate those whose moral beliefs are not intolerant. 
C)  If moral subjectivism is true, then moral disagreement is impossible, which makes genuine tolerance impossible. 
D)  If moral subjectivism is true, then there are no moral truths at all, including truths about whether anyone should be tolerant. 
A)  If moral subjectivism is true, then those with intolerant beliefs should not tolerate others. 
B)  If moral subjectivism is true, then people should only tolerate those whose moral beliefs are not intolerant. 
C)  If moral subjectivism is true, then moral disagreement is impossible, which makes genuine tolerance impossible. 
D)  If moral subjectivism is true, then there are no moral truths at all, including truths about whether anyone should be tolerant.

Question 16

Descriptive cultural relativism is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The view that different societies accept different moral codes. 
B)  The view that what an individual ought to do is determined by the moral beliefs of that individual's culture. 
C)  The claim that most people accept some form of culture relativism. 
D)  The claim that most people's moral beliefs are, as a matter of fact, shaped by the culture in which they were raised. 
A)  The view that different societies accept different moral codes. 
B)  The view that what an individual ought to do is determined by the moral beliefs of that individual's culture. 
C)  The claim that most people accept some form of culture relativism. 
D)  The claim that most people's moral beliefs are, as a matter of fact, shaped by the culture in which they were raised.

Question 17

How is moral skepticism defined in Chapter 9?

Accepted Answer

A)  Moral skepticism is the view that each person's moral beliefs are correct for him or her. 
B)  Moral skepticism is the view that there is no objective moral truth. 
C)  Moral skepticism is the view that no one really behaves morally, even if they pretend to do so. 
D)  Moral skepticism is the view that cross-cultural moral disagreement is impossible to resolve. 
A)  Moral skepticism is the view that each person's moral beliefs are correct for him or her. 
B)  Moral skepticism is the view that there is no objective moral truth. 
C)  Moral skepticism is the view that no one really behaves morally, even if they pretend to do so. 
D)  Moral skepticism is the view that cross-cultural moral disagreement is impossible to resolve.

Question 18

Which of the following best captures the difference between moral nihilism and moral subjectivism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Moral subjectivism requires tolerance of others, whereas moral nihilism does not. 
B)  Moral subjectivism is compatible with moral disagreement, whereas moral nihilism is not. 
C)  Moral nihilism says that everyone's moral beliefs are incorrect, whereas moral subjectivism says that everyone's moral beliefs are correct. 
D)  Moral nihilism says that no one ever acts because of his or her moral beliefs, whereas moral subjectivism says that people only act according to their own moral beliefs. 
A)  Moral subjectivism requires tolerance of others, whereas moral nihilism does not. 
B)  Moral subjectivism is compatible with moral disagreement, whereas moral nihilism is not. 
C)  Moral nihilism says that everyone's moral beliefs are incorrect, whereas moral subjectivism says that everyone's moral beliefs are correct. 
D)  Moral nihilism says that no one ever acts because of his or her moral beliefs, whereas moral subjectivism says that people only act according to their own moral beliefs.

Question 19

What is moral skepticism? What are the different kinds of moral skepticism discussed in Chapter 9, and how do they differ from one another?

Accepted Answer

Moral skepticism is the view that there

Question 20

Moral subjectivism is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The view that there are moral truths, which are determined by each person's moral beliefs 
B)  The view that there are no moral truths, only individual people's moral beliefs. 
C)  The view that there are moral truths, which are determined by each person's moral beliefs. 
D)  The view that there are moral truths, but they are essentially unknowable. 
A)  The view that there are moral truths, which are determined by each person's moral beliefs 
B)  The view that there are no moral truths, only individual people's moral beliefs. 
C)  The view that there are moral truths, which are determined by each person's moral beliefs. 
D)  The view that there are moral truths, but they are essentially unknowable.

Does the fact that people disagree about morality provide a good reason to accept some form of moral skepticism? Why or why not?

What is reflective equilibrium?

Which of the following best explains the relationship between moral subjectivism and moral disagreement?

Of the various problems for cultural relativism raised in Chapter 9, which do you think is most important? Why?

An important role for moral reasoning involves identifying and eliminating inconsistencies in one's moral beliefs.

Cultural relativism, as defined in Chapter 9, is the view that the moral beliefs of a person's culture determine what is morally right or wrong for that person.

What's wrong with the MORAL DISAGREEMENT argument for moral skepticism, according to Chapter 9?

Define moral subjectivism. If moral subjectivism were true, what difference would that make to moral reasoning? Why?

Wide reflective equilibrium is:

Moral skepticism is:

What is cultural relativism, as defined in Chapter 9? If cultural relativism were true, what difference would that make to moral reasoning? Why?

What does Frederick Douglass's AGAINST SLAVERY argument show about cultural relativism?

If moral nihilism is true, then nothing is morally wrong.

What is metaethics? Give one example of a metaethical question.

Which of the following best captures the problem with the argument that if moral subjectivism is true, then everyone should be tolerant of others' moral beliefs?

Descriptive cultural relativism is:

How is moral skepticism defined in Chapter 9?

Which of the following best captures the difference between moral nihilism and moral subjectivism?

What is moral skepticism? What are the different kinds of moral skepticism discussed in Chapter 9, and how do they differ from one another?

Moral subjectivism is:

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

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Exam 9: Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

Does the fact that people disagree about morality provide a good reason to accept some form of moral skepticism? Why or why not?

What is reflective equilibrium?

Which of the following best explains the relationship between moral subjectivism and moral disagreement?

Of the various problems for cultural relativism raised in Chapter 9, which do you think is most important? Why?

An important role for moral reasoning involves identifying and eliminating inconsistencies in one's moral beliefs.

Cultural relativism, as defined in Chapter 9, is the view that the moral beliefs of a person's culture determine what is morally right or wrong for that person.

What's wrong with the MORAL DISAGREEMENT argument for moral skepticism, according to Chapter 9?

Define moral subjectivism. If moral subjectivism were true, what difference would that make to moral reasoning? Why?

Wide reflective equilibrium is:

Moral skepticism is:

What is cultural relativism, as defined in Chapter 9? If cultural relativism were true, what difference would that make to moral reasoning? Why?

What does Frederick Douglass's AGAINST SLAVERY argument show about cultural relativism?

If moral nihilism is true, then nothing is morally wrong.

What is metaethics? Give one example of a metaethical question.

Which of the following best captures the problem with the argument that if moral subjectivism is true, then everyone should be tolerant of others' moral beliefs?

Descriptive cultural relativism is:

How is moral skepticism defined in Chapter 9?

Which of the following best captures the difference between moral nihilism and moral subjectivism?

What is moral skepticism? What are the different kinds of moral skepticism discussed in Chapter 9, and how do they differ from one another?

Moral subjectivism is:

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

Filters