Question 1

What is cultural relativism, as explained in Chapter 9?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cultural relativism is, roughly, the view that everyone ought to tolerate the moral practices of members of other cultures. 
B)  Cultural relativism is, roughly, the view that there is no such thing as morality, but cultures create moral rules so that elites can control less powerful members of the culture. 
C)  Cultural relativism is, roughly, the view that the moral beliefs of a culture determine what is right or wrong for members of that culture. 
D)  Cultural relativism is, roughly, the view that moral rules only apply to an individual when the rule is relevant to the culture to which the individual belongs. 
A)  Cultural relativism is, roughly, the view that everyone ought to tolerate the moral practices of members of other cultures. 
B)  Cultural relativism is, roughly, the view that there is no such thing as morality, but cultures create moral rules so that elites can control less powerful members of the culture. 
C)  Cultural relativism is, roughly, the view that the moral beliefs of a culture determine what is right or wrong for members of that culture. 
D)  Cultural relativism is, roughly, the view that moral rules only apply to an individual when the rule is relevant to the culture to which the individual belongs. C

Question 2

How does the demand for consistency in your moral beliefs affect moral subjectivism, according to Chapter 9?

Accepted Answer

A)  It entails that you cannot be kind and tell the truth in every single circumstance. 
B)  Since it would be impossible for your moral beliefs to be inconsistent if moral subjectivism were true, accepting the demand for consistency means saying that moral subjectivism is false. 
C)  Because it requires you to coordinate your moral beliefs with other members of your culture, the demand for consistency entails that cultural relativism is true, rather than moral subjectivism. 
D)  It entails that even if moral subjectivism is true, you can still be incorrect about what is right or wrong for you. 
A)  It entails that you cannot be kind and tell the truth in every single circumstance. 
B)  Since it would be impossible for your moral beliefs to be inconsistent if moral subjectivism were true, accepting the demand for consistency means saying that moral subjectivism is false. 
C)  Because it requires you to coordinate your moral beliefs with other members of your culture, the demand for consistency entails that cultural relativism is true, rather than moral subjectivism. 
D)  It entails that even if moral subjectivism is true, you can still be incorrect about what is right or wrong for you. D

Question 3

Moral nihilism is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The view that moral claims are only true relative to a person or culture. 
B)  The view that there are no true moral claims. 
C)  The view that moral claims are only true relative to a person. 
D)  The view that morality is not objective. 
A)  The view that moral claims are only true relative to a person or culture. 
B)  The view that there are no true moral claims. 
C)  The view that moral claims are only true relative to a person. 
D)  The view that morality is not objective. B

Question 4

The fact that some moral disagreements cannot be resolved is proof that there are no objective moral truths.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following best captures the idea of moral subjectivism, as defined in Chapter 9?

Accepted Answer

A)  The view that there are no objective moral truths. 
B)  The view that everyone ought to be tolerant of others' moral beliefs. 
C)  The view that each person's moral beliefs are correct for that person. 
D)  The view that moral claims are like claims about witches. 
A)  The view that there are no objective moral truths. 
B)  The view that everyone ought to be tolerant of others' moral beliefs. 
C)  The view that each person's moral beliefs are correct for that person. 
D)  The view that moral claims are like claims about witches.

Question 6

In your own words, explain the difference between descriptive cultural relativism and normative cultural relativism.

Accepted Answer

Descriptive cultural relativism is the i

Question 7

What is moral subjectivism, according to Chapter 9? What are some important philosophical problems with moral subjectivism?

Accepted Answer

Moral subjectivism is a philosophical po

Question 8

Moral subjectivism undermines any universal obligation to be tolerant of those with different moral views.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Does moral subjectivism require everyone to be tolerant of others? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Moral subjectivism is the philosophical

Question 10

Cultural relativism, as defined in Chapter 9, is the view that a person's moral beliefs are determined by his or her culture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

To say that someone's moral beliefs are consistent is to say that they match the moral beliefs of his or her culture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is identified in Chapter 9 as a problem for moral subjectivism?

Accepted Answer

A)  It entails that it is morally obligatory to tolerate people with different moral beliefs. 
B)  It entails that morality evolves over time as each culture's moral beliefs change from one generation to the next. 
C)  It entails that recreational killing is morally permissible for someone who genuinely believes that it's permissible. 
D)  It entails that reasoning about morality is like reasoning about which people are witches. 
A)  It entails that it is morally obligatory to tolerate people with different moral beliefs. 
B)  It entails that morality evolves over time as each culture's moral beliefs change from one generation to the next. 
C)  It entails that recreational killing is morally permissible for someone who genuinely believes that it's permissible. 
D)  It entails that reasoning about morality is like reasoning about which people are witches.

Question 13

How does moral nihilism conflict with most people's deeply held moral beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A)  It entails that because no one's moral beliefs are more or less correct than anyone else's, everyone should tolerate everyone else's beliefs and behavior, including racist or sexist behavior. 
B)  It entails that there is nothing morally wrong with stealing from your friends, killing people for fun, or doing other things that most people regard as obviously wrong. 
C)  It entails that morality is just a system created by cultural elites to consolidate and maintain power over the rest of society without having to resort to violence. 
D)  It entails that each person could decide for himself or herself what he or she ought to do, since it holds that each person's moral beliefs are correct for that person. 
A)  It entails that because no one's moral beliefs are more or less correct than anyone else's, everyone should tolerate everyone else's beliefs and behavior, including racist or sexist behavior. 
B)  It entails that there is nothing morally wrong with stealing from your friends, killing people for fun, or doing other things that most people regard as obviously wrong. 
C)  It entails that morality is just a system created by cultural elites to consolidate and maintain power over the rest of society without having to resort to violence. 
D)  It entails that each person could decide for himself or herself what he or she ought to do, since it holds that each person's moral beliefs are correct for that person.

Question 14

Reflective equilibrium is the state in which a person is unaware of any inconsistencies in his or her moral beliefs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Which of the following best captures the MORAL DISAGREEMENT argument for skepticism, as presented in Chapter 9?

Accepted Answer

A)  Morality is not objective because people disagree about morality in ways that cannot be resolved. 
B)  Morality is not objective because people have held different moral beliefs in different places and at different times. 
C)  Because moral beliefs differ between cultures, morality is relative to culture. 
D)  Because disagreement about morality is harder to resolve than disagreements about scientific facts, there is no such thing as morality. 
A)  Morality is not objective because people disagree about morality in ways that cannot be resolved. 
B)  Morality is not objective because people have held different moral beliefs in different places and at different times. 
C)  Because moral beliefs differ between cultures, morality is relative to culture. 
D)  Because disagreement about morality is harder to resolve than disagreements about scientific facts, there is no such thing as morality.

Question 16

Even if moral subjectivism is true, it is possible to use moral reasoning to rationally persuade someone else of moral claims.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Why doesn't moral subjectivism require tolerance of others' moral beliefs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because it entails that any moral claim, including the claim that people should be tolerant, is false. 
B)  Because it entails that people should not tolerate those who insist that everyone should accept a single set of objective moral truths. 
C)  Because it entails that people should act intolerantly toward people or cultures that try to force their beliefs on others. 
D)  Because it entails that someone with intolerant moral beliefs ought to act intolerantly. 
A)  Because it entails that any moral claim, including the claim that people should be tolerant, is false. 
B)  Because it entails that people should not tolerate those who insist that everyone should accept a single set of objective moral truths. 
C)  Because it entails that people should act intolerantly toward people or cultures that try to force their beliefs on others. 
D)  Because it entails that someone with intolerant moral beliefs ought to act intolerantly.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains the idea of moral skepticism?

Accepted Answer

A)  Moral skepticism is the view that all moral claims are false. 
B)  Moral skepticism is the view that no moral arguments can be cogent. 
C)  Moral skepticism is the view that the truth of a moral claim is always relative to the culture of the person making the claim. 
D)  Moral skepticism is the view that there is no objective moral truth. 
A)  Moral skepticism is the view that all moral claims are false. 
B)  Moral skepticism is the view that no moral arguments can be cogent. 
C)  Moral skepticism is the view that the truth of a moral claim is always relative to the culture of the person making the claim. 
D)  Moral skepticism is the view that there is no objective moral truth.

Question 19

Being in reflective equilibrium requires, among other things, that one's moral beliefs be consistent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

If moral subjectivism is true, then everyone ought to tolerate other people's behavior as long as that behavior is right according to the others' moral beliefs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

What is cultural relativism, as explained in Chapter 9?

How does the demand for consistency in your moral beliefs affect moral subjectivism, according to Chapter 9?

Moral nihilism is:

The fact that some moral disagreements cannot be resolved is proof that there are no objective moral truths.

Which of the following best captures the idea of moral subjectivism, as defined in Chapter 9?

In your own words, explain the difference between descriptive cultural relativism and normative cultural relativism.

What is moral subjectivism, according to Chapter 9? What are some important philosophical problems with moral subjectivism?

Moral subjectivism undermines any universal obligation to be tolerant of those with different moral views.

Does moral subjectivism require everyone to be tolerant of others? Why or why not?

Cultural relativism, as defined in Chapter 9, is the view that a person's moral beliefs are determined by his or her culture.

To say that someone's moral beliefs are consistent is to say that they match the moral beliefs of his or her culture.

Which of the following is identified in Chapter 9 as a problem for moral subjectivism?

How does moral nihilism conflict with most people's deeply held moral beliefs?

Reflective equilibrium is the state in which a person is unaware of any inconsistencies in his or her moral beliefs.

Which of the following best captures the MORAL DISAGREEMENT argument for skepticism, as presented in Chapter 9?

Even if moral subjectivism is true, it is possible to use moral reasoning to rationally persuade someone else of moral claims.

Why doesn't moral subjectivism require tolerance of others' moral beliefs?

Which of the following best explains the idea of moral skepticism?

Being in reflective equilibrium requires, among other things, that one's moral beliefs be consistent.

If moral subjectivism is true, then everyone ought to tolerate other people's behavior as long as that behavior is right according to the others' moral beliefs.

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

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Exam 9: Skepticism, Subjectivism, and Relativism

What is cultural relativism, as explained in Chapter 9?

How does the demand for consistency in your moral beliefs affect moral subjectivism, according to Chapter 9?

Moral nihilism is:

The fact that some moral disagreements cannot be resolved is proof that there are no objective moral truths.

Which of the following best captures the idea of moral subjectivism, as defined in Chapter 9?

In your own words, explain the difference between descriptive cultural relativism and normative cultural relativism.

What is moral subjectivism, according to Chapter 9? What are some important philosophical problems with moral subjectivism?

Moral subjectivism undermines any universal obligation to be tolerant of those with different moral views.

Does moral subjectivism require everyone to be tolerant of others? Why or why not?

Cultural relativism, as defined in Chapter 9, is the view that a person's moral beliefs are determined by his or her culture.

To say that someone's moral beliefs are consistent is to say that they match the moral beliefs of his or her culture.

Which of the following is identified in Chapter 9 as a problem for moral subjectivism?

How does moral nihilism conflict with most people's deeply held moral beliefs?

Reflective equilibrium is the state in which a person is unaware of any inconsistencies in his or her moral beliefs.

Which of the following best captures the MORAL DISAGREEMENT argument for skepticism, as presented in Chapter 9?

Even if moral subjectivism is true, it is possible to use moral reasoning to rationally persuade someone else of moral claims.

Why doesn't moral subjectivism require tolerance of others' moral beliefs?

Which of the following best explains the idea of moral skepticism?

Being in reflective equilibrium requires, among other things, that one's moral beliefs be consistent.

If moral subjectivism is true, then everyone ought to tolerate other people's behavior as long as that behavior is right according to the others' moral beliefs.

An Introduction to Arguments

Moral Arguments

Reasoning With Obligations

Reasoning About Consequences

Reasoning With Virtues and Vices

Reasoning With Principles and Counterexamples

Reasoning With Analogies

Answering Moral Questions

Religion and Moral Reasoning

Normative Theories, Part 1

Normative Theories, Part 2

Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice

Filters