Exam 7: Behavior and Its Consequences

Compare and contrast a primary reinforcer and a conditioned reinforcer. Since primary reinforcers can produce effective learning the very first time they are used, explain why conditioned reinforcers are still important or useful.

Estes' stimulus sampling theory is a _______ approach.

A "bliss point" is said to occur when two behaviors

The behavioral version of selection by consequences assumes that

Precommitment involves

Commodities are most likely to show inelasticity when they are

Which scenario illustrates Guthrie's assumption as to why reinforcement facilitates instrumental learning?

Scalloping is said to occur in situations in which

In operant conditioning, the stimulus that sets the occasion for a response to be nonreinforced is a(n)

Skinner assumed that when reinforcers are not made contingent on behavior,

Compare and contrast the theoretical approaches to reinforcement developed by Edward Thorndike and Edwin Guthrie.

In general, the schedule that produces the highest and most stable rate of responding is the _______ schedule.

A subject learns that when the ceiling light is flashing, lever pressing is rewarded, but when the chamber is dimly but continuously illuminated, lever pressing is not rewarded. Here, the flashing light is the

A scalloping pattern of responding is most likely seen in a subject trained according to a _______ schedule.

A mother of young children plans to serve hot cider and cookies at a children's party. However, when she gets to the grocery store, she finds that a jug of cider is much more expensive than a canister of hot chocolate mix. She decides to purchase the canister of hot chocolate mix, because the hot chocolate can serve as a(n) _______ and demand is _______.

A subject learns that when the ceiling light is flashing, lever pressing is rewarded, but when the chamber is dimly but continuously illuminated, lever pressing is not rewarded. Here, the dim, continuously illuminated ceiling light is the

A postreinforcement pause is most likely seen in a subject trained according to a _______ schedule.

Which statement does not express one component of Hull's theory of learning?

The minimum distance model assumes that

Stimulus control resembles the classical conditioning phenomenon of