Exam 6: Biological and Psychological Theories

Social Darwinism claimed that there is a survival of the fittest among human beings and social institutions.

In biological positivism, the idea that "survival of the fittest" is applicable to human society is known as ______.

The superego was identified by Freud as the mediator, or "referee," which works to balance the desires of the id and the controls of the ego.

What are prefrontal lobotomies?

Earnest Hooton viewed ______ as a solution to his predicted decline in civilization.

The "XYY syndrome" refers to the belief that men with an extra "Y" chromosome are ______.

Goring's belief that criminals were mentally defective is referred to as ______.

In his book The Jukes, author Robert Dugsdale concluded that crime is ______.

In Charles Goring's famous study in The English Convict, the author disputes the connection between heredity and crime.

Behavioral modification attempts to encourage positive behavior through the application of pleasure and pain.

Psychopath, sociopath, and antisocial personality are all terms referring to the same phenomenon-the inadequately socialized personality.

According to Freudian theory, what is the role of the ego?

In which of the following philosophies did positivists believe?

Cesare Lombroso was one of the first criminologists to address ______.

Most of the claims of early biological theorists have been refuted; still, these theories did make some important contributions to the field of criminology. Identify these contributions.

The idea that we learn by observing others is attributable to ______.

The study of facial features and other body characteristics to gain sight into human personality is referred to as physiognomy.

Eugenics is also referred to as scientific breeding.

Positivistic theory is often criticized as being philosophical and speculative, and lacking an empirical orientation.

The earliest insanity ruling is commonly referred to as the right/wrong test.