Exam 7: Sociological Mainstream Theories

According to Cloward and Ohlin, which type of criminal subculture does "double-failures" enter?

Theories that view the type of crime as owing to various forms of delinquent subcultures are referred to as general strain theories.

Which of the following modes of personality rejects both means and goals, and seeks to substitute alterative ones that would represent new societal goals as well as new methods of achieving them?

Identify and describe three of the lower-class focal concerns proposed by Walter Miller.

What is "The Chicago School"?

Social trends in modern urban-industrial societies result in changing norms, confusion, and lessened social control over the individual. This condition creates ______.

The primary theme of ______ concentrates on learning, socialization, and subcultural transmission of criminal values.

A critique of social disorganization theory is that some of the studies tend to use group rates to explain individual crime. Aggregate statistics do not yield accurate estimates if the intended unit of analysis is the behavior of individuals. Consequently, researchers have committed a/an ______ fallacy.

Shaw and McKay made extensive use of maps and official statistics in their studies of juvenile delinquency.

Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime is best characterized as outlining the inner and outer pushes and pulls that influence a person's likelihood of criminality.

According to Cloward and Ohlin's differential opportunity theory, retreatist subcultures develop in stable slum neighborhoods in which a hierarchy of available criminal opportunities exists.

According to Cohen's ______ theory, delinquency is a lower-class reaction to middle-class values.

Which of the following modes of personality is illustrated by the mindless bureaucrat who becomes caught up in the riles and means to an end that he or she forgets or fails to place proper significance on the goal?

Antisocial potential posits that relatively few people have high potential to commit antisocial acts.

Disorganized areas are characterized by a ______ subculture.

Explain Sutherland's theory of differential association. What are the strengths and weaknesses of this theory as an explanation of crime?

Miller's theory of crime that reflects an overemphasis on lower-class values is known as ______.

How does power control theory explain the gender difference in criminality?

______ theories indicate that certain forces have an influence, but do not determine behavior.

Which of the following refers to a bond to others, such as family and peers?