Exam 3: Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

Ion channels are made of

Different concentrations of ions inside and outside the neuron, especially _______ ions to which the resting membrane is selectively permeable, account for the resting membrane potential.

Transporter molecules are involved in the _______ of neurotransmitter from the synapse.

Write a coherent and informative paragraph incorporating each of the following terms or concepts: temporal summation; spatial summation; threshold; information processing.

Give an overview of the movement of action potentials down the axon and explain why they move in one direction only.

What is optogenetics? Describe how light-sensitive molecules are used in optogenetics and give an example of what can be observed using this technique.

The overall amplitude of the action potential is about

Matching -Potassium _____

Directly controlled ion channels are

Matching -Sodium _____

Matching -Calcium

Action potentials are initiated just past the _______ when the excess of EPSPs over IPSPs reaches threshold.

Describe at least two major classes of seizure disorder, and highlight their behavioral and electrophysiological differences.

Norepinephrine and dopamine are examples of transmitters whose synaptic activity is terminated by

Substances that bind to receptor proteins and change the permeability of ion channels are called

When a transmitter binds to a metabotropic receptor that is coupled to a G protein, a subunit of the G protein

Describe the effects of a hyperpolarizing or depolarizing stimulus on a neural membrane and the membrane events that surround the production of a neural impulse.

Bungarotoxin is derived from a type of

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine acts on at least _______ different types of receptors.

The specialized presynaptic membrane receptors that remove molecules of transmitter from a synapse are called