Question 1

In the knee-jerk reflex,

Accepted Answer

A)  a muscle stretch receptor is activated by a spinal cord motor neuron. 
B)  the motor neuron releases acetylcholine to stimulate the sensory neuron. 
C)  the stimulus activates a sensory neuron with a cell body in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. 
D)  there are two synapses from stimulation to muscle contraction. 
A)  a muscle stretch receptor is activated by a spinal cord motor neuron. 
B)  the motor neuron releases acetylcholine to stimulate the sensory neuron. 
C)  the stimulus activates a sensory neuron with a cell body in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. 
D)  there are two synapses from stimulation to muscle contraction.

Question 2

In optogenetics, researchers use _______ light to stimulate _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  yellow; channelrhodopsin 
B)  red; halorhodopsin 
C)  blue; halorhodopsin 
D)  blue; channelrhodopsin 
A)  yellow; channelrhodopsin 
B)  red; halorhodopsin 
C)  blue; halorhodopsin 
D)  blue; channelrhodopsin

Question 3

_______ seizures are characterized by periods of enduring contractions alternating with periods of jerky, rhythmic contraction and relaxation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ seizures are characterized by periods of...

Question 4

When applying hyperpolarizing or depolarizing stimulus to the membrane of a neuron, the beginning and end of the neuron's response become distorted. This is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  conductance of the membrane. 
B)  the insulating properties of myelin. 
C)  capacitance of the membrane. 
D)  gated ion channels. 
A)  conductance of the membrane. 
B)  the insulating properties of myelin. 
C)  capacitance of the membrane. 
D)  gated ion channels.

Question 5

The nicotinic ACh receptor is made up of _______ protein subunits.

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five 
A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five

Question 6

The enzyme _______ breaks down molecules of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, stopping its action at synapses.

Accepted Answer

acetylchol

Question 7

The phenomenon of divergence is illustrated by the visual system, in which 1 million axons of the optic nerve communicate with _______ neurons in the cerebral cortex.

Accepted Answer

A)  a thousand 
B)  half a million 
C)  500 million 
D)  over a billion 
A)  a thousand 
B)  half a million 
C)  500 million 
D)  over a billion

Question 8

The chemical that Loewi initially called Vagusstoff turned out to be

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine. 
B)  muscarine. 
C)  GABA. 
D)  calcium. 
A)  acetylcholine. 
B)  muscarine. 
C)  GABA. 
D)  calcium.

Question 9

The amount of transmitter released at an axon terminal is proportional to the amount of _______ that enters the axon terminal.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The amount of transmitter released at an...

Question 10

Describe the establishment and maintenance of the resting membrane potential.

Accepted Answer

The resting membrane potential is the el

Question 11

The size of an action potential is independent of the stimulus magnitude, a phenomenon that is referred to as the _______ property of action potentials.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The size of an action potential is...

Question 12

The size of the gap between the presynaptic membrane and the postsynaptic membrane in a chemical synapse is

Accepted Answer

A)  100 mm. 
B)  100 nm. 
C)  20‒40 nm. 
D)  2‒4 nm. 
A)  100 mm. 
B)  100 nm. 
C)  20‒40 nm. 
D)  2‒4 nm.

Question 13

Which characteristic is not associated with slow synapses?

Accepted Answer

A)  G protein-coupled 
B)  Metabotropic 
C)  Long duration of response 
D)  Ligand-gated 
A)  G protein-coupled 
B)  Metabotropic 
C)  Long duration of response 
D)  Ligand-gated

Question 14

The _______ predicts the voltage that develops when a semipermeable membrane separates different concentrations of ions. The measured value of the resting membrane potential varies slightly from this predicted value because the cell is somewhat permeable to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium-potassium pump; K+ 
B)  Nernst equation; Na+ 
C)  Goldman equation; Cl- 
D)  equilibrium potential; Na+ 
A)  sodium-potassium pump; K+ 
B)  Nernst equation; Na+ 
C)  Goldman equation; Cl- 
D)  equilibrium potential; Na+

Question 15

Which sequence presents presynaptic events in the correct chronological order?

Accepted Answer

A)  Calcium ion influx F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 action potential reaches axon terminal F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle fuses with membrane F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 diffusion of neurotransmitter 
B)  Exocytosis F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 calcium ion influx F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 action potential reaches axon terminal F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 membrane depolarization 
C)  Action potential reaches axon terminal F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 calcium ion channels open F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 exocytosis F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 diffusion of neurotransmitter 
D)  Action potential reaches axon terminal F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 calcium ion channels open F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 neurotransmitter diffusion F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 exocytosis 
A)  Calcium ion influx F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 action potential reaches axon terminal F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 vesicle fuses with membrane F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 diffusion of neurotransmitter 
B)  Exocytosis F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 calcium ion influx F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 action potential reaches axon terminal F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 membrane depolarization 
C)  Action potential reaches axon terminal F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 calcium ion channels open F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 exocytosis F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 diffusion of neurotransmitter 
D)  Action potential reaches axon terminal F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 calcium ion channels open F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 neurotransmitter diffusion F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 exocytosis

Question 16

What percentage of the known transmitters and hormones activates cellular mechanisms through receptors coupled to G proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Less than 5% 
B)  20% 
C)  50% 
D)  80% 
A)  Less than 5% 
B)  20% 
C)  50% 
D)  80%

Question 17

The term "kindling" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the experimental induction of seizures using subthreshold stimuli. 
B)  an experimental procedure for blocking the spread of seizures. 
C)  the application of massive depolarizing stimuli to a brain region. 
D)  the net effect of integrating postsynaptic potentials at the axon hillock. 
A)  the experimental induction of seizures using subthreshold stimuli. 
B)  an experimental procedure for blocking the spread of seizures. 
C)  the application of massive depolarizing stimuli to a brain region. 
D)  the net effect of integrating postsynaptic potentials at the axon hillock.

Question 18

Summarize the sequence of events that occurs when a synapse is activated, from the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal to the release of neurotransmitter.

Accepted Answer

When a synapse is activated, the sequenc

Question 19

At chemical synapses, most of the synaptic delay (the time between the arrival of a presynaptic action potential and the appearance of a postsynaptic EPSP or IPSP) is attributable to the

Accepted Answer

A)  the time needed for Ca2+ to enter the terminal and the vesicles to fuse. 
B)  rate of diffusion of neurotransmitter molecules across the synapse. 
C)  rate at which vesicles move to the presynaptic membrane and rupture. 
D)  interaction of the transmitter with its receptors. 
A)  the time needed for Ca2+ to enter the terminal and the vesicles to fuse. 
B)  rate of diffusion of neurotransmitter molecules across the synapse. 
C)  rate at which vesicles move to the presynaptic membrane and rupture. 
D)  interaction of the transmitter with its receptors.

Question 20

_______ reflect complex information processing.

Accepted Answer

A)  Short-latency auditory-evoked potentials 
B)  Long-latency ERP components 
C)  Changes in potential amplitude due to stimulus strength 
D)  "Rebound" potentials 
A)  Short-latency auditory-evoked potentials 
B)  Long-latency ERP components 
C)  Changes in potential amplitude due to stimulus strength 
D)  "Rebound" potentials

In the knee-jerk reflex,

In optogenetics, researchers use _ light to stimulate _.

_______ seizures are characterized by periods of enduring contractions alternating with periods of jerky, rhythmic contraction and relaxation.

When applying hyperpolarizing or depolarizing stimulus to the membrane of a neuron, the beginning and end of the neuron's response become distorted. This is due to

The nicotinic ACh receptor is made up of _______ protein subunits.

The enzyme _______ breaks down molecules of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, stopping its action at synapses.

The phenomenon of divergence is illustrated by the visual system, in which 1 million axons of the optic nerve communicate with _______ neurons in the cerebral cortex.

The chemical that Loewi initially called Vagusstoff turned out to be

The amount of transmitter released at an axon terminal is proportional to the amount of _______ that enters the axon terminal.

Describe the establishment and maintenance of the resting membrane potential.

The size of an action potential is independent of the stimulus magnitude, a phenomenon that is referred to as the _______ property of action potentials.

The size of the gap between the presynaptic membrane and the postsynaptic membrane in a chemical synapse is

Which characteristic is not associated with slow synapses?

The _ predicts the voltage that develops when a semipermeable membrane separates different concentrations of ions. The measured value of the resting membrane potential varies slightly from this predicted value because the cell is somewhat permeable to _.

Which sequence presents presynaptic events in the correct chronological order?

What percentage of the known transmitters and hormones activates cellular mechanisms through receptors coupled to G proteins?

The term "kindling" refers to

Summarize the sequence of events that occurs when a synapse is activated, from the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal to the release of neurotransmitter.

At chemical synapses, most of the synaptic delay (the time between the arrival of a presynaptic action potential and the appearance of a postsynaptic EPSP or IPSP) is attributable to the

_______ reflect complex information processing.

Behavioral Neuroscience Scope and Outlook

Functional Neuroanatomy: The Cells and Structures of the Nervous System

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Hormones and the Brain

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Life-Span Development of the Brain and Behavior

General Principles of Sensory Processing, Touch, and Pain

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Vision: From Eye to Brain

Motor Control and Plasticity

Sex: Evolutionary, Hormonal, and Neural Bases

Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment

Biological Rhythms, Sleep, and Dreaming

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: Biological Basis of Behavioral Disorders

Learning and Memory

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters

Exam 3: Neurophysiology: The Generation, Transmission, and Integration of Neural Signals

In the knee-jerk reflex,

In optogenetics, researchers use _______ light to stimulate _______.

_______ seizures are characterized by periods of enduring contractions alternating with periods of jerky, rhythmic contraction and relaxation.

When applying hyperpolarizing or depolarizing stimulus to the membrane of a neuron, the beginning and end of the neuron's response become distorted. This is due to

The nicotinic ACh receptor is made up of _______ protein subunits.

The enzyme _______ breaks down molecules of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, stopping its action at synapses.

The phenomenon of divergence is illustrated by the visual system, in which 1 million axons of the optic nerve communicate with _______ neurons in the cerebral cortex.

The chemical that Loewi initially called Vagusstoff turned out to be

The amount of transmitter released at an axon terminal is proportional to the amount of _______ that enters the axon terminal.

Describe the establishment and maintenance of the resting membrane potential.

The size of an action potential is independent of the stimulus magnitude, a phenomenon that is referred to as the _______ property of action potentials.

The size of the gap between the presynaptic membrane and the postsynaptic membrane in a chemical synapse is

Which characteristic is not associated with slow synapses?

The _______ predicts the voltage that develops when a semipermeable membrane separates different concentrations of ions. The measured value of the resting membrane potential varies slightly from this predicted value because the cell is somewhat permeable to _______.

Which sequence presents presynaptic events in the correct chronological order?

What percentage of the known transmitters and hormones activates cellular mechanisms through receptors coupled to G proteins?

The term "kindling" refers to

Summarize the sequence of events that occurs when a synapse is activated, from the arrival of an action potential at the axon terminal to the release of neurotransmitter.

At chemical synapses, most of the synaptic delay (the time between the arrival of a presynaptic action potential and the appearance of a postsynaptic EPSP or IPSP) is attributable to the

_______ reflect complex information processing.

Behavioral Neuroscience Scope and Outlook

Functional Neuroanatomy: The Cells and Structures of the Nervous System

The Chemistry of Behavior: Neurotransmitters and Neuropharmacology

Hormones and the Brain

Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

Life-Span Development of the Brain and Behavior

General Principles of Sensory Processing, Touch, and Pain

Hearing, Balance, Taste, and Smell

Vision: From Eye to Brain

Motor Control and Plasticity

Sex: Evolutionary, Hormonal, and Neural Bases

Homeostasis: Active Regulation of the Internal Environment

Biological Rhythms, Sleep, and Dreaming

Emotions, Aggression, and Stress

Psychopathology: Biological Basis of Behavioral Disorders

Learning and Memory

Attention and Higher Cognition

Language and Lateralization

Filters

In optogenetics, researchers use _ light to stimulate _.

The _ predicts the voltage that develops when a semipermeable membrane separates different concentrations of ions. The measured value of the resting membrane potential varies slightly from this predicted value because the cell is somewhat permeable to _.