Exam 13: Glaciers and Glaciation

How and where do glaciers form?

The present glacial landscapes mainly formed during an Ice Age that lasted from approximately____________________ years to ____________________ years ago.

What is a glacial surge?

The Matterhorn in Switzerland is a glacial ____________________ landform known as a(n) ____________________.

What are the zone of accumulation, zone of wastage (or ablation), and firn limit?

There is good evidence that variation in solar energy, as evinced by sunspot activity cycles, is responsible for short-term climatic variations.

Explain the origin of varves and their significance in the chronologies of glacial lake deposits.

Glaciers move primarily by ____________________ flow.

What conditions are needed for glaciers to form and be maintained? As a result of these conditions, where are glaciers found?

The largest existing glacier is located in:

What evidence of their passage do glaciers leave on bedrock?

The reason that Earth is now closest to the Sun in January, but will be closest in July in 11,000 years, is:

Kames are long, sinuous ridges of stratified drift, which may meander and have tributaries.

A strong correlation has been established between periods of intense volcanism and short-term glacial cooling.

What are the different types of moraines: end moraines, ground moraines, recessional moraines, lateral moraines, and medial moraines?

In general, rates of glacial flow are greatest in the zone of ____________________.

Basal slip becomes a more important means of glacier movement in warmer months when more meltwater collects at a glacier's base.

A glacial landform with steep-walled, pyramidal peaks formed by headward erosion of glaciers on at least three sides is a(n):

The two major types of glaciers are ____________________ and ____________________.

Elongated, spoon-shaped hills that have been shaped by an overriding glacier are called ____________________.