Question 1

How does an expression vector differ from a regular cloning vector?

Accepted Answer

A)  An expression vector does not have an origin of replication. 
B)  An expression vector is always a linear molecule, while a cloning vector may be circular. 
C)  An expression vector has the ability to have the inserted DNA be transcribed. 
D)  An expression vector must be of viral origin, so that it can infect a cell naturally. 
A)  An expression vector does not have an origin of replication. 
B)  An expression vector is always a linear molecule, while a cloning vector may be circular. 
C)  An expression vector has the ability to have the inserted DNA be transcribed. 
D)  An expression vector must be of viral origin, so that it can infect a cell naturally.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes electrophoretic gels used for DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most separations are done horizontally, while sequencing gels are typically run vertically. 
B)  Most separations are done vertically, while sequencing gels are typically run horizontally. 
C)  Most electrophoretic gels are run horizontally, whether for separation or sequencing. 
D)  Most electrophoretic gels are run vertically, whether for separation or sequencing. 
A)  Most separations are done horizontally, while sequencing gels are typically run vertically. 
B)  Most separations are done vertically, while sequencing gels are typically run horizontally. 
C)  Most electrophoretic gels are run horizontally, whether for separation or sequencing. 
D)  Most electrophoretic gels are run vertically, whether for separation or sequencing.

Question 3

Which of the following is a unique feature of qPCR compared to the original PCR?

Accepted Answer

A)  qPCR uses a DNA polymerase from a heat stable source 
B)  qPCR requires a primer 
C)  qPCR allows the reaction to run until all of the primers have been exhausted 
D)  In qPCR, the speed with which the DNA is produced is used to estimate how much of the original template was in the reaction vessel 
A)  qPCR uses a DNA polymerase from a heat stable source 
B)  qPCR requires a primer 
C)  qPCR allows the reaction to run until all of the primers have been exhausted 
D)  In qPCR, the speed with which the DNA is produced is used to estimate how much of the original template was in the reaction vessel

Question 4

Each band in a lane of a Sanger Coulson sequencing gel represents

Accepted Answer

A)  random cutting of DNA 
B)  a single nucleotide that ran that far on a gel 
C)  a piece of DNA that ended in a specific base 
D)  none of these 
A)  random cutting of DNA 
B)  a single nucleotide that ran that far on a gel 
C)  a piece of DNA that ended in a specific base 
D)  none of these

Question 5

Restriction enzymes are especially useful for genetic recombination work for all of the following reasons, except :

Accepted Answer

A)  They cut DNA in the middle of specific sequences. 
B)  They cut DNA independent of the source of the DNA. 
C)  They often generate single stranded tails or "sticky ends". 
D)  There are a large variety of them commercially available. 
E)  All of these traits make restriction enzymes useful. 
A)  They cut DNA in the middle of specific sequences. 
B)  They cut DNA independent of the source of the DNA. 
C)  They often generate single stranded tails or "sticky ends". 
D)  There are a large variety of them commercially available. 
E)  All of these traits make restriction enzymes useful.

Question 6

In gene therapy

Accepted Answer

A)  restriction enzymes are introduced into cells to cleave specific genes. 
B)  new origins of replication are added to cells to promote cell division. 
C)  cells of specific tissues are altered in a way that alleviates the effects of a disease. 
D)  traits are altered so that descendents of those treated will inherit those new traits. 
A)  restriction enzymes are introduced into cells to cleave specific genes. 
B)  new origins of replication are added to cells to promote cell division. 
C)  cells of specific tissues are altered in a way that alleviates the effects of a disease. 
D)  traits are altered so that descendents of those treated will inherit those new traits.

Question 7

Expression libraries are most often made from

Accepted Answer

A)  the mRNA found with a given cell or tissue. 
B)  the genome of a given cell or tissue. 
C)  the promoters of a given cell or tissue. 
D)  the DNA of a single chromosome from cell type or tissue. 
A)  the mRNA found with a given cell or tissue. 
B)  the genome of a given cell or tissue. 
C)  the promoters of a given cell or tissue. 
D)  the DNA of a single chromosome from cell type or tissue.

Question 8

The polymerase chain reaction requires

Accepted Answer

A)  primers complementary to the ends of the sequence to be amplified 
B)  careful temperature control 
C)  both of these 
D)  neither of these 
A)  primers complementary to the ends of the sequence to be amplified 
B)  careful temperature control 
C)  both of these 
D)  neither of these

Question 9

How is human insulin produced by genetically engineered bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA that codes for each of the two polypeptide chains is introduced into two different populations of bacteria 
B)  DNA that codes for the insulin precursor is introduced into bacterial plasmids 
C)  DNA that codes for both the polypeptide chains is introduced into a single population of bacteria 
D)  This procedure cannot be done. 
A)  DNA that codes for each of the two polypeptide chains is introduced into two different populations of bacteria 
B)  DNA that codes for the insulin precursor is introduced into bacterial plasmids 
C)  DNA that codes for both the polypeptide chains is introduced into a single population of bacteria 
D)  This procedure cannot be done.

Question 10

The following item was the most important one for the development of PCR as a commercially successful and widely-used procedure:

Accepted Answer

A)  Taq DNA Polymerase. 
B)  Heat-resistant DNA. 
C)  Heat-resistant primers for DNA synthesis. 
D)  Robotic machines to run the PCR ® procedure. 
E)  Heat-resistant nucleoside triphosphate substrates. 
A)  Taq DNA Polymerase. 
B)  Heat-resistant DNA. 
C)  Heat-resistant primers for DNA synthesis. 
D)  Robotic machines to run the PCR ® procedure. 
E)  Heat-resistant nucleoside triphosphate substrates.

Question 11

Which of the following proteins has been successfully produced through genetic recombination?

Accepted Answer

A)  insulin 
B)  human growth hormone 
C)  tissue plasminogen activator 
D)  erythropoietin 
E)  All of the above proteins have been produced successfully. 
A)  insulin 
B)  human growth hormone 
C)  tissue plasminogen activator 
D)  erythropoietin 
E)  All of the above proteins have been produced successfully.

Question 12

A highly useful method for determining the presence of hydrolyzed fragments of DNA separated by electrophoresis is

Accepted Answer

A)  autoradiography. 
B)  x-ray crystallography. 
C)  analytical ultracentrifugation. 
D)  all of the above 
A)  autoradiography. 
B)  x-ray crystallography. 
C)  analytical ultracentrifugation. 
D)  all of the above

Question 13

Recombined bacteriophage particles are easy to isolate, since high concentration of phage will be found in each of the bacterial colonies that grow on the medium used for screening.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Ethidium bromide slips between the bases of DNA giving it fluorescent properties that differ from those observed when it is free in solution.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The following steps are all involved in genetic recombination:
1) Screening for cells that contain the recombined gene.
2) Cutting the vector with restriction enzyme.
3) Mixing the gene of interest with the vector.
4) Isolating the gene of interest from its original source.
5) Ligating the gene of interest and the vector together.
The following sequence of these five steps would be typical:

Accepted Answer

A)  1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 
B)  2 → 3 → 5 → 1 → 4 
C)  5 → 4 → 3 → 2 → 1 
D)  4 → 2 → 3 → 5 → 1 
E)  2 → 3 → 5 → 4 → 1 
A)  1 → 2 → 3 → 4 → 5 
B)  2 → 3 → 5 → 1 → 4 
C)  5 → 4 → 3 → 2 → 1 
D)  4 → 2 → 3 → 5 → 1 
E)  2 → 3 → 5 → 4 → 1

Question 16

A DNA library consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  all the DNA of an organism divided up and cloned in suitable vectors 
B)  an alphabetical list of all the genes in an organism 
C)  a set of reference books on genetics 
D)  none of the above 
A)  all the DNA of an organism divided up and cloned in suitable vectors 
B)  an alphabetical list of all the genes in an organism 
C)  a set of reference books on genetics 
D)  none of the above

Question 17

RNA is sequenced by

Accepted Answer

A)  exactly the same methods as those used for proteins 
B)  exactly the same methods as those used for DNA 
C)  sequencing the complementary DNA produced by the reverse transcriptase reaction 
D)  a combination of analytical ultracentrifugation and ultraviolet spectroscopy 
A)  exactly the same methods as those used for proteins 
B)  exactly the same methods as those used for DNA 
C)  sequencing the complementary DNA produced by the reverse transcriptase reaction 
D)  a combination of analytical ultracentrifugation and ultraviolet spectroscopy

Question 18

A transcriptome is

Accepted Answer

A)  an mRNA-based vector. 
B)  three-dimensional mRNA structure. 
C)  a collection of all the genes being transcribed in a given cell or tissue at a given time. 
D)  the mRNA transcribed to produce a fusion protein. 
A)  an mRNA-based vector. 
B)  three-dimensional mRNA structure. 
C)  a collection of all the genes being transcribed in a given cell or tissue at a given time. 
D)  the mRNA transcribed to produce a fusion protein.

Question 19

Advantages of the Polymerase Chain Reaction include all of these, except :

Accepted Answer

A)  The reaction is specific for certain sequences in the DNA. 
B)  Only small amounts of template are needed. 
C)  Results can be obtained with DNA that is old or partially degraded. 
D)  All the products from a specific part of the DNA will be the same size. 
E)  All of these are advantages of PCR ® . 
A)  The reaction is specific for certain sequences in the DNA. 
B)  Only small amounts of template are needed. 
C)  Results can be obtained with DNA that is old or partially degraded. 
D)  All the products from a specific part of the DNA will be the same size. 
E)  All of these are advantages of PCR ® .

Exam 13: Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

How does an expression vector differ from a regular cloning vector?

Which of the following best describes electrophoretic gels used for DNA?

Which of the following is a unique feature of qPCR compared to the original PCR?

Each band in a lane of a Sanger Coulson sequencing gel represents

Restriction enzymes are especially useful for genetic recombination work for all of the following reasons, except :

In gene therapy

Expression libraries are most often made from

The polymerase chain reaction requires

How is human insulin produced by genetically engineered bacteria?

The following item was the most important one for the development of PCR as a commercially successful and widely-used procedure:

Which of the following proteins has been successfully produced through genetic recombination?

A highly useful method for determining the presence of hydrolyzed fragments of DNA separated by electrophoresis is

Recombined bacteriophage particles are easy to isolate, since high concentration of phage will be found in each of the bacterial colonies that grow on the medium used for screening.

Ethidium bromide slips between the bases of DNA giving it fluorescent properties that differ from those observed when it is free in solution.

A DNA library consists of

RNA is sequenced by

A transcriptome is

Advantages of the Polymerase Chain Reaction include all of these, except :

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes Mechanisms and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code the Biosynthesis of Rna

Protein Synthesis Translation of the Genetic Message

Viruses Cancer and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism Cellular Signaling

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