Exam 8: Police and Constitutional Law

In a pat-down by an officer, items that are identifiable by touch cannot be seized as evidence.

Officer Castro notices a car in front of him driving at a slow speed.  The driver seems to be driving erratically. Officer Castro activates his blue lights and attempts to pull the car over.  The driver continues to drive for approximately two additional miles before pulling over.  When Officer Castro slowly approaches the car, he smells what seems to be a heavy odor of marijuana.  The driver has dilated eyes and slurred speech.  There are four individuals in the car. Officer Castro required that the car in question be pulled over.  Typically, this could be considered a(n)

The U.S. Supreme Court developed the stop-and-frisk exception, whereby a police officer could pat down a suspicious person without a warrant, in the landmark case of

When an officer stops a car and it becomes necessary to search, how extensively can the officer search the vehicle?  What are the parameters that the officer must abide by?

Which of the following is contained in the Fifth Amendment?

In Nix v. Williams (1984), the U.S. Supreme Court established the inevitable discovery exception to the exclusionary rule.

The ____________________ permits officers to notice and use as evidence the items that are visible to them.

The totality of circumstances test is used to determine if sufficient evidence exists for a search warrant.

For a warrant to be issued the officer must be willing to swear by oath or affirmation, often accomplished through the use of an _______.

Explain how the U.S. Supreme Court has changed the interpretation of the Fourth Amendment.