Exam 8: Police and Constitutional Law

In Nix v. Williams (1984), the U.S. Supreme Court agreed that improperly obtained evidence can be used when it would later have been inevitably discovered without improper actions by the police.

In what case did the U.S. Supreme Court decide that the plain view doctrine permits the officers to notice and use as evidence the items that are visible to them when they are in a location that they are permitted to be in?

If a police officer is acting in good faith, then he or she may use evidence obtained through the use of a defective search warrant.

The Warren Court established that the exclusionary rule applied to the states.

Police officers can conduct a warrant search without probable cause.

The Fourth Amendment requires that probable cause be established before a warrant is provided.

Who wrote the U.S. Supreme Court's opinion in Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?

Which is false  concerning search warrants?

 A significant deprivation of liberty because a person is taken into police custody, transported to the police station or jail, and processed into the criminal justice system is called a(n)

 ____________________ are actions by law enforcement officials that intrude upon people's reasonable expectations of privacy.

When improperly obtained evidence is used because the evidence would later have been discovered anyway, even without improper actions by the police, this is called the ____________________.

The search and seizure clause is found in the ____________________ Amendment.

Which of the following is not a factor in determining if suspicion exists to justify a search by a Custom and Border Patrol officer?

Based on the ruling set forth in Berghuis v. Thompson, what must a suspect do to end questioning?

When ___________  is in jeopardy, police may question  a suspect in custody without providing the Miranda warnings.

Officer Castro notices a car in front of him driving at a slow speed.  The driver seems to be driving erratically. Officer Castro activates his blue lights and attempts to pull the car over.  The driver continues to drive for approximately two additional miles before pulling over.  When Officer Castro slowly approaches the car, he smells what seems to be a heavy odor of marijuana.  The driver has dilated eyes and slurred speech.  There are four individuals in the car. When Officer Castro pulled the car over after suspicious behavior, he encountered a strong smell of a well-known drug that he has had significant experience with prior to this case.  The strong presence of the smell of this drug gives Officer Castro enough ________ to search the vehicle.

Explain the Miranda warnings and what the significance is behind the use of the warnings in interrogations.

Which is a sense that cannot be used to justify a warrantless search?

Miranda warnings involve all of the following except:

Police officers need to obtain a warrant before searching the trunk of a car.