Exam 16: Criminal Justice: Cops and Corrections

More police officers on the streets, aggressive community policing programs, and high-tech policing are some of the effective items in the law enforcement toolkit.

The average daily cost of housing a young, generally healthy prisoner is up to $100.

Among the back-door strategies used to alleviate prison overcrowding are

Crime data collected through the FBI's Uniform Crime Reports and various victimization surveys showed a reduction in crime in the United States during the 1990s. Over the past ten years, both reported and estimated crime rates have steadily declined.

In Furman v. Georgia (1972), the U.S. Supreme Court held that the death penalty had been applied in a cruel, arbitrary, and racist manner by the states.

The legislatures play a major policy role in criminal justice by

The national government's resources are spent mostly on homeland security and counter-terrorism operations.

Which of the following factors is not associated with higher police arrest rates and lower crime rates?

The law enforcement function in most states is formally headed by

Many approaches to deal with the problem of recidivism have been tried, including counseling, vocational training and basic education. Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding these approaches?

Traditionally, courts have assumed

The variables associated with higher arrest rates and perhaps lower crime rates are

Research suggests that many crimes are underreported or not reported at all.

Intensive probation supervision, regional restitution centers, and creative sentencing are all considered __________ to bring and keep inmate populations in line with institutional capacity.

Cities are increasingly using technology and video surveillance in their law enforcement efforts. Describe some of the new technology that these cities are using. What are the benefits and drawbacks of the use of such technology in the fight against crime?

Since 1977, when the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated capital punishment, Missouri has carried out more executions per capita under the state's death penalty laws than any other state.

Privatization of state and local prisons has been debated for years and implemented in several states with mixed success.

Instead of incarceration, __________ permits minor offenders to remain in the community under supervision.

Federal crimes are handled by state and local government authorities, and vice versa.

With only 5 percent of the earth's population, one out of every _________ American adults is in prison or under adult court supervision.