Question 1

The major problem with projective tests,such as the Rorschach,is that they

Accepted Answer

A)  are difficult to score objectively. 
B)  present ambiguous stimuli. 
C)  are interpreted differently by each patient. 
D)  lack standardized instructions for administration. 
A)  are difficult to score objectively. 
B)  present ambiguous stimuli. 
C)  are interpreted differently by each patient. 
D)  lack standardized instructions for administration. A

Question 2

To be meaningful,a philosophical assumption should have some bearing on our view of reality.In other words,it should be

Accepted Answer

A)  comprehensive. 
B)  coherent. 
C)  relevant. 
D)  compelling. 
A)  comprehensive. 
B)  coherent. 
C)  relevant. 
D)  compelling. C

Question 3

Thomas Kuhn suggests that scientific activity is

Accepted Answer

A)  an inappropriate way to study human behavior. 
B)  based on private, intrinsically unique perceptions. 
C)  secondary to philosophical knowledge. 
D)  based on a paradigm that existed before the scientific activity took place. 
A)  an inappropriate way to study human behavior. 
B)  based on private, intrinsically unique perceptions. 
C)  secondary to philosophical knowledge. 
D)  based on a paradigm that existed before the scientific activity took place. D

Question 4

Assume that you are a scientist faced with two rival hypotheses.Explain the criteria you would use to decide between them.

Accepted Answer

As a scientist faced with two rival hypo

Question 5

In 1952,______________ stunned the therapeutic community with a report on treatment outcomes indicating that various forms of psychotherapy are no more effective than a placebo or no treatment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Freud 
B)  Rogers 
C)  Eysenck 
D)  Rychlak 
A)  Freud 
B)  Rogers 
C)  Eysenck 
D)  Rychlak

Question 6

Philosophical statements are ultimately tested by

Accepted Answer

A)  rigorous experimentation. 
B)  perceptual observation. 
C)  empirical means. 
D)  their compellingness. 
A)  rigorous experimentation. 
B)  perceptual observation. 
C)  empirical means. 
D)  their compellingness.

Question 7

Imaginary,or hypothetical,concepts that are invoked by scientists are called

Accepted Answer

A)  empirical statements. 
B)  objective data. 
C)  operational definitions. 
D)  scientific constructs. 
A)  empirical statements. 
B)  objective data. 
C)  operational definitions. 
D)  scientific constructs.

Question 8

Of the following philosophical assumptions,which one concerns a person's ability to control his own behavior and understand the motives behind it?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freedom versus determinism 
B)  Heredity versus environment 
C)  Uniqueness versus universality 
D)  Optimism versus pessimism 
A)  Freedom versus determinism 
B)  Heredity versus environment 
C)  Uniqueness versus universality 
D)  Optimism versus pessimism

Question 9

Explain why it is important to distinguish among the different functions of personality theories.

Accepted Answer

It is important to distinguish among the

Question 10

How can an appreciation of a wide range of personality theories (e.g.,both Western and non-Western) influence one's tolerance for cultural diversity or political viewpoints?

Accepted Answer

An appreciation of a wide range of perso

Question 11

What is an operational definition?

Accepted Answer

A)  An inferred conclusion based on coinciding observations 
B)  A specification of the behaviors included in a concept 
C)  An imaginary, or hypothetical, construct 
D)  A statement based on deductive reasoning and knowledge 
A)  An inferred conclusion based on coinciding observations 
B)  A specification of the behaviors included in a concept 
C)  An imaginary, or hypothetical, construct 
D)  A statement based on deductive reasoning and knowledge

Question 12

What is an objective personality test that is made up of over 550 self-report items to which the participant answers "true," "false," or "cannot say"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). 
B)  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). 
C)  Rorschach. 
D)  Stanford-Binet IQ Test. 
A)  Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). 
B)  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). 
C)  Rorschach. 
D)  Stanford-Binet IQ Test.

Question 13

If a personality theory is riddled with inconsistencies and contradictions,it is most likely to be criticized as

Accepted Answer

A)  irrelevant. 
B)  lacking comprehensiveness. 
C)  unscientific. 
D)  incoherent. 
A)  irrelevant. 
B)  lacking comprehensiveness. 
C)  unscientific. 
D)  incoherent.

Question 14

Explain why personality is difficult to define and briefly cite two different definitions given by personality theorists.

Accepted Answer

Personality is difficult to define becau

Question 15

The logical consistency of a philosophical assumption refers to the criterion of

Accepted Answer

A)  comprehensiveness. 
B)  coherence. 
C)  compellingness. 
D)  relevance. 
A)  comprehensiveness. 
B)  coherence. 
C)  compellingness. 
D)  relevance.

Question 16

Of the following questions,which most accurately reflects the study of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  How do humans differ from animals? 
B)  Who am I? 
C)  How have humans changed over the course of history? 
D)  When are behavior patterns determined? 
A)  How do humans differ from animals? 
B)  Who am I? 
C)  How have humans changed over the course of history? 
D)  When are behavior patterns determined?

Question 17

What is a statistical tool that indicates the extent to which changes in one factor are accompanied by changes in a second factor?

Accepted Answer

A)  variance 
B)  correlation 
C)  mean 
D)  dependent variable 
A)  variance 
B)  correlation 
C)  mean 
D)  dependent variable

Question 18

The basic philosophical issue of optimism versus pessimism that personality theorists consider centers on whether

Accepted Answer

A)  people can change their personalities over time. 
B)  human nature is fundamentally good or bad. 
C)  hope is an essential feature of psychotherapy. 
D)  personality theories can adequately explain or predict human behavior. 
A)  people can change their personalities over time. 
B)  human nature is fundamentally good or bad. 
C)  hope is an essential feature of psychotherapy. 
D)  personality theories can adequately explain or predict human behavior.

Question 19

Which of the following approaches to psychotherapy did Hans Eysenck advocate the most?

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorist 
B)  psychoanalytic 
C)  humanistic 
D)  cognitive 
A)  behaviorist 
B)  psychoanalytic 
C)  humanistic 
D)  cognitive

Question 20

Explain the characteristics of scientific statements.

Accepted Answer

Scientific statements are characterized

The major problem with projective tests,such as the Rorschach,is that they

To be meaningful,a philosophical assumption should have some bearing on our view of reality.In other words,it should be

Thomas Kuhn suggests that scientific activity is

Assume that you are a scientist faced with two rival hypotheses.Explain the criteria you would use to decide between them.

In 1952,______________ stunned the therapeutic community with a report on treatment outcomes indicating that various forms of psychotherapy are no more effective than a placebo or no treatment.

Philosophical statements are ultimately tested by

Imaginary,or hypothetical,concepts that are invoked by scientists are called

Of the following philosophical assumptions,which one concerns a person's ability to control his own behavior and understand the motives behind it?

Explain why it is important to distinguish among the different functions of personality theories.

How can an appreciation of a wide range of personality theories (e.g.,both Western and non-Western) influence one's tolerance for cultural diversity or political viewpoints?

What is an operational definition?

What is an objective personality test that is made up of over 550 self-report items to which the participant answers "true," "false," or "cannot say"?

If a personality theory is riddled with inconsistencies and contradictions,it is most likely to be criticized as

Explain why personality is difficult to define and briefly cite two different definitions given by personality theorists.

The logical consistency of a philosophical assumption refers to the criterion of

Of the following questions,which most accurately reflects the study of personality?

What is a statistical tool that indicates the extent to which changes in one factor are accompanied by changes in a second factor?

The basic philosophical issue of optimism versus pessimism that personality theorists consider centers on whether

Which of the following approaches to psychotherapy did Hans Eysenck advocate the most?

Explain the characteristics of scientific statements.

Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud

Analytical Psychology Carl Jung

Inter-psychic Theories Alfred Adler, Harry Stack Sullivan

Psychoanalytic Social Psychology Karen Horney Erich Fromm

Ego Analytic Psychology Anna Freud Erik Erikson Dan McAdams

Human Relations Object Relations Theory, Relational-Cultural Theory

Experimental Analysis of Behavior John Dollard and Neal Miller B.F.Skinner

Social Learning Theories Albert Bandura, Julian Rotter, Walter Mischel

Traits and Personology Gordon Allport Henry Murray

Factor Analytic, Genetic and Evolutionary Theories Raymond Cattell, The Big Five Personality Traits, Genetic and Evolutionary Developments

Biological Traits Hans Eysenck

Humanism Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers

Existential Psychoanalysis Rollo May

Personal Constructs George Kelly

Cognitive-Behavioral Theories Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, Arnold Lazarus

Zen Buddhism

Conclusion personality Theory in Perspective

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Exam 1: Introduction Evaluating Personality Theories

The major problem with projective tests,such as the Rorschach,is that they

To be meaningful,a philosophical assumption should have some bearing on our view of reality.In other words,it should be

Thomas Kuhn suggests that scientific activity is

Assume that you are a scientist faced with two rival hypotheses.Explain the criteria you would use to decide between them.

In 1952,______________ stunned the therapeutic community with a report on treatment outcomes indicating that various forms of psychotherapy are no more effective than a placebo or no treatment.

Philosophical statements are ultimately tested by

Imaginary,or hypothetical,concepts that are invoked by scientists are called

Of the following philosophical assumptions,which one concerns a person's ability to control his own behavior and understand the motives behind it?

Explain why it is important to distinguish among the different functions of personality theories.

How can an appreciation of a wide range of personality theories (e.g.,both Western and non-Western) influence one's tolerance for cultural diversity or political viewpoints?

What is an operational definition?

What is an objective personality test that is made up of over 550 self-report items to which the participant answers "true," "false," or "cannot say"?

If a personality theory is riddled with inconsistencies and contradictions,it is most likely to be criticized as

Explain why personality is difficult to define and briefly cite two different definitions given by personality theorists.

The logical consistency of a philosophical assumption refers to the criterion of

Of the following questions,which most accurately reflects the study of personality?

What is a statistical tool that indicates the extent to which changes in one factor are accompanied by changes in a second factor?

The basic philosophical issue of optimism versus pessimism that personality theorists consider centers on whether

Which of the following approaches to psychotherapy did Hans Eysenck advocate the most?

Explain the characteristics of scientific statements.

Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud

Analytical Psychology Carl Jung

Inter-psychic Theories Alfred Adler, Harry Stack Sullivan

Psychoanalytic Social Psychology Karen Horney Erich Fromm

Ego Analytic Psychology Anna Freud Erik Erikson Dan McAdams

Human Relations Object Relations Theory, Relational-Cultural Theory

Experimental Analysis of Behavior John Dollard and Neal Miller B.F.Skinner

Social Learning Theories Albert Bandura, Julian Rotter, Walter Mischel

Traits and Personology Gordon Allport Henry Murray

Factor Analytic, Genetic and Evolutionary Theories Raymond Cattell, The Big Five Personality Traits, Genetic and Evolutionary Developments

Biological Traits Hans Eysenck

Humanism Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers

Existential Psychoanalysis Rollo May

Personal Constructs George Kelly

Cognitive-Behavioral Theories Albert Ellis, Aaron Beck, Arnold Lazarus

Zen Buddhism

Conclusion personality Theory in Perspective

Filters