Question 1

Which statement best describes the influence of attitudes? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Attitudes impede decision-making processes. 
B) Attitudes make it more difficult to adjust to new situations. ​ 
C) Attitudes require more than a "gut-level" response. ​ 
D) Attitudes help us adapt. ​ 
A) Attitudes impede decision-making processes. 
B) Attitudes make it more difficult to adjust to new situations. ​ 
C) Attitudes require more than a "gut-level" response. ​ 
D) Attitudes help us adapt. ​

Question 2

Research on effort justification and cognitive dissonance theory might suggest that we will be more attracted to potential dating partners who ____ than potential dating partners who ____.

Accepted Answer

A) are physically attractive; are not 
B) play "hard to get"; do not 
C) are similar to us; are not 
D) flatter us; don't 
A) are physically attractive; are not 
B) play "hard to get"; do not 
C) are similar to us; are not 
D) flatter us; don't

Question 3

Discuss attitude polarization and its effects with an example.

Accepted Answer

Sometimes our attitudes about something

Question 4

In one well-known study that was conducted during an era of anti-Chinese prejudice (LaPiere, 1934), a researcher drove across the United States with a Chinese couple, stopping at dozens of restaurants, hotels, auto camps, and tourist homes. He was interested in knowing the percentage of establishments that would serve the couple, as well as the percentage of establishments that would SAY that they would serve the couple when contacted later. The results from this research provided some of the first evidence of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the fact that people's stated attitudes are not always consistent with their actual behaviors 
B) post-dissonance rationalization 
C) implicit prejudice 
D) aversive racism 
A) the fact that people's stated attitudes are not always consistent with their actual behaviors 
B) post-dissonance rationalization 
C) implicit prejudice 
D) aversive racism

Question 5

Which of the following is the BEST example of the mere exposure effect?

Accepted Answer

A) Eduardo starts to think that a new band is cool simply because other people around him think it is cool. 
B) Keisha starts to like a girl at school simply because she has seen her, semester after semester, in so many of her classes. 
C) Michael loves hip hop music. As a result, he tends to overestimate how much other people like hip hop. 
D) Frances works in a hospital, and encounters doctors and nurses all day long. As a result, she tends to overestimate how many people work in the medical industry; to her, it seems as if almost everyone does! 
A) Eduardo starts to think that a new band is cool simply because other people around him think it is cool. 
B) Keisha starts to like a girl at school simply because she has seen her, semester after semester, in so many of her classes. 
C) Michael loves hip hop music. As a result, he tends to overestimate how much other people like hip hop. 
D) Frances works in a hospital, and encounters doctors and nurses all day long. As a result, she tends to overestimate how many people work in the medical industry; to her, it seems as if almost everyone does!

Question 6

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)meetings are "self-help" meetings comprised of people who are recovering from alcohol-related problems. These meetings employ a number of practices designed to keep people away from alcohol. Which of the practices listed below is most consistent with the research on cognitive dissonance theory and attitude change? That is, which of the following would a cognitive dissonance theorist be most likely to applaud?

Accepted Answer

A) All group members remain anonymous. 
B) All group members state, publicly, that they have an alcohol problem. 
C) Group members are encouraged to seek out a "sponsor," who will support them during rough times. 
D) Group members are welcomed back into the group even if they temporarily "fall off the wagon" (lapse into drinking). 
A) All group members remain anonymous. 
B) All group members state, publicly, that they have an alcohol problem. 
C) Group members are encouraged to seek out a "sponsor," who will support them during rough times. 
D) Group members are welcomed back into the group even if they temporarily "fall off the wagon" (lapse into drinking).

Question 7

Iris is a vegetarian, but she ate a steak last night. When would she be most likely to try to rationalize her steak-eating?

Accepted Answer

A) If she was forced to eat the steak against her will 
B) If she was paid a lot of money to eat the steak 
C) If she chose to eat the steak and she feels guilty or nervous-regardless of whether she attributes these feelings to the steak eating 
D) If she chose to eat the steak and feels guilty or nervous and attributes these feelings to the steak eating 
A) If she was forced to eat the steak against her will 
B) If she was paid a lot of money to eat the steak 
C) If she chose to eat the steak and she feels guilty or nervous-regardless of whether she attributes these feelings to the steak eating 
D) If she chose to eat the steak and feels guilty or nervous and attributes these feelings to the steak eating

Question 8

Mariah has an unplanned, unwanted pregnancy. She is thinking about having an abortion. But her family members and close friends are all strongly opposed to abortion. The influence of their views on Mariah's decision whether to pursue an abortion best illustrates the importance of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) subjective norms 
B) behavioral intention 
C) perceived behavioral control 
D) belief perseverance 
A) subjective norms 
B) behavioral intention 
C) perceived behavioral control 
D) belief perseverance

Question 9

If you want to cope better with tragic events, you should engage in ________________comparisons with others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you want to cope better with...

Question 10

Suppose that Janine-who volunteers for a variety of environmental causes and frequently speaks on campus about the importance of recycling-decided to buy a gas-guzzling SUV last week. When is she most likely to try to rationalize her behavior? ​

Accepted Answer

A) If no one she knows owns the same vehicle 
B) If many people she knows own the same vehicle ​ 
C) If she did not know about the SUV's poor mileage when she bought it ​ 
D) If she experiences guilt or discomfort surrounding her purchase ​ 
A) If no one she knows owns the same vehicle 
B) If many people she knows own the same vehicle ​ 
C) If she did not know about the SUV's poor mileage when she bought it ​ 
D) If she experiences guilt or discomfort surrounding her purchase ​

Question 11

Suppose that Sam disliked reggaeton the very first time he heard it. How should we expect his attitude to change (if at all)if he hears it several more times?

Accepted Answer

A) He will begin to dislike reggaeton less and less. 
B) He will begin to dislike reggaeton more and more. 
C) It is impossible to say; first impressions are fundamentally different from (and not always similar to)later attitudes. 
D) His attitude is likely to stay exactly the same across repeated exposure. 
A) He will begin to dislike reggaeton less and less. 
B) He will begin to dislike reggaeton more and more. 
C) It is impossible to say; first impressions are fundamentally different from (and not always similar to)later attitudes. 
D) His attitude is likely to stay exactly the same across repeated exposure.

Question 12

The ease with which an attitude comes to mind is called ________________. ​

Accepted Answer

attitude a

Question 13

Studies about exposure to high-status exemplars of black people such as former U.S. President Barack Obama have generated which result pertaining to racial attitudes?

Accepted Answer

A) Racial attitudes follow the mere exposure effect and automatically change over time. 
B) Racial attitudes seem very resistant to change on a societal level. 
C) Racial attitudes are very difficult to measure and results appear inconclusive. 
D) Racial attitudes are very easy to change because deliberate attitudes override automatic attitudes. 
A) Racial attitudes follow the mere exposure effect and automatically change over time. 
B) Racial attitudes seem very resistant to change on a societal level. 
C) Racial attitudes are very difficult to measure and results appear inconclusive. 
D) Racial attitudes are very easy to change because deliberate attitudes override automatic attitudes.

Question 14

People often have inconsistent automatic and deliberate attitudes without realizing it. How is this possible?

Accepted Answer

A) People are consciously aware only of their deliberate attitudes. 
B) People are consciously aware only of their automatic attitudes. 
C) People are consciously aware of both their deliberate attitudes and their automatic attitudes, but use them at different times. 
D) People are consciously aware of neither their deliberate attitudes nor their automatic attitudes. 
A) People are consciously aware only of their deliberate attitudes. 
B) People are consciously aware only of their automatic attitudes. 
C) People are consciously aware of both their deliberate attitudes and their automatic attitudes, but use them at different times. 
D) People are consciously aware of neither their deliberate attitudes nor their automatic attitudes.

Question 15

Classical conditioning can be thought of as a type of ____.

Accepted Answer

A) associative learning 
B) imitation 
C) instrumental learning 
D) vicarious learning 
A) associative learning 
B) imitation 
C) instrumental learning 
D) vicarious learning

Question 16

Within a year after marrying, Kayla is unhappy in her marriage, yet she spends a lot of time talking to herself about how the marriage was the right thing for her to do. "It's better than being alone, and at least he isn't a total loser," she says to herself. Kayla is experiencing ________________. ​

Accepted Answer

post-decis

Question 17

Research on religious beliefs shows that appealing to a higher (superordinate)power can be an effective way to reduce ____.

Accepted Answer

A) the mere exposure effect 
B) belief perseverance 
C) attitude polarization 
D) dissonance 
A) the mere exposure effect 
B) belief perseverance 
C) attitude polarization 
D) dissonance

Question 18

George is supposed to give a presentation in his History class on Thursday and has been dreading it intensely all month (his knowledge of the topic is shaky and so is his presentation style). On Wednesday, the day before the presentation is scheduled, George's teacher, Ms. Torres, tells him that he can present the following week if he likes. Instead of taking Ms. Torres up on this offer, however, George says that he will go ahead and present the next day. Why?

Accepted Answer

A) George must have coped with his nervousness and dread by changing some relevant attitudes and beliefs. 
B) George must have heard Ms. Torres incorrectly because of his anxiety; otherwise, he would obviously have postponed the presentation. 
C) George must have coped with his nervousness and dread by simply blocking the presentation out of his mind completely and not thinking about it. 
D) George must have low self-esteem; otherwise, he would have postponed the presentation. 
A) George must have coped with his nervousness and dread by changing some relevant attitudes and beliefs. 
B) George must have heard Ms. Torres incorrectly because of his anxiety; otherwise, he would obviously have postponed the presentation. 
C) George must have coped with his nervousness and dread by simply blocking the presentation out of his mind completely and not thinking about it. 
D) George must have low self-esteem; otherwise, he would have postponed the presentation.

Question 19

Much research has demonstrated a weak link between (a)what people say their attitudes are and (b)how they actually behave. One of the key reasons that this relationship is so weak, however, is the fact that researchers have often ____.

Accepted Answer

A) tried to relate very general attitudes to very specific behaviors 
B) tried to relate very specific attitudes to very general behaviors 
C) limited their research in this area to very sensitive topics (e.g., sexual attitudes and behaviors), where attitude-behavior inconsistencies are especially likely to occur 
D) limited their research in this area to topics that research participants are unlikely to care much about (e.g., the number of minutes they will spend on a particular experimental task), where attitude-behavior inconsistencies are especially likely to occur 
A) tried to relate very general attitudes to very specific behaviors 
B) tried to relate very specific attitudes to very general behaviors 
C) limited their research in this area to very sensitive topics (e.g., sexual attitudes and behaviors), where attitude-behavior inconsistencies are especially likely to occur 
D) limited their research in this area to topics that research participants are unlikely to care much about (e.g., the number of minutes they will spend on a particular experimental task), where attitude-behavior inconsistencies are especially likely to occur

Question 20

The idea that beliefs play a central role in helping people cope and recover from misfortunes is called ____. ​

Accepted Answer

A) balance theory 
B) dual attitude theory ​ 
C) belief perseverance ​ 
D) cognitive coping ​ 
A) balance theory 
B) dual attitude theory ​ 
C) belief perseverance ​ 
D) cognitive coping ​

Which statement best describes the influence of attitudes?

Research on effort justification and cognitive dissonance theory might suggest that we will be more attracted to potential dating partners who than potential dating partners who .

Discuss attitude polarization and its effects with an example.

Which of the following is the BEST example of the mere exposure effect?

Iris is a vegetarian, but she ate a steak last night. When would she be most likely to try to rationalize her steak-eating?

Mariah has an unplanned, unwanted pregnancy. She is thinking about having an abortion. But her family members and close friends are all strongly opposed to abortion. The influence of their views on Mariah's decision whether to pursue an abortion best illustrates the importance of ____.

If you want to cope better with tragic events, you should engage in ________________comparisons with others.

Suppose that Janine-who volunteers for a variety of environmental causes and frequently speaks on campus about the importance of recycling-decided to buy a gas-guzzling SUV last week. When is she most likely to try to rationalize her behavior?

Suppose that Sam disliked reggaeton the very first time he heard it. How should we expect his attitude to change (if at all)if he hears it several more times?

The ease with which an attitude comes to mind is called ________________.

Studies about exposure to high-status exemplars of black people such as former U.S. President Barack Obama have generated which result pertaining to racial attitudes?

People often have inconsistent automatic and deliberate attitudes without realizing it. How is this possible?

Classical conditioning can be thought of as a type of ____.

Within a year after marrying, Kayla is unhappy in her marriage, yet she spends a lot of time talking to herself about how the marriage was the right thing for her to do. "It's better than being alone, and at least he isn't a total loser," she says to herself. Kayla is experiencing ________________.

Research on religious beliefs shows that appealing to a higher (superordinate)power can be an effective way to reduce ____.

Much research has demonstrated a weak link between (a)what people say their attitudes are and (b)how they actually behave. One of the key reasons that this relationship is so weak, however, is the fact that researchers have often ____.

The idea that beliefs play a central role in helping people cope and recover from misfortunes is called ____.

The Mission and the Method

Culture and Nature

The-Self

Choices and Actions: The Self in Control

Social Cognition

Emotion and Affect

Social Influence and Persuasion

Prosocial Behavior: Doing Whats Best for Others

Aggression Antisocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection

Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality

Prejudice and Intergroup Relations

Groups

Application Module A: Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior

Application Module B: Applying Social Psychology to Health

Application Module C: Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Application Module D: Applying Social Psychology to Law

Application Module E: Applying Social Psychology to the Environ

Filters

Exam 7: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Consistency

Which statement best describes the influence of attitudes? ​

Research on effort justification and cognitive dissonance theory might suggest that we will be more attracted to potential dating partners who ____ than potential dating partners who ____.

Discuss attitude polarization and its effects with an example.

Which of the following is the BEST example of the mere exposure effect?

Iris is a vegetarian, but she ate a steak last night. When would she be most likely to try to rationalize her steak-eating?

Mariah has an unplanned, unwanted pregnancy. She is thinking about having an abortion. But her family members and close friends are all strongly opposed to abortion. The influence of their views on Mariah's decision whether to pursue an abortion best illustrates the importance of ____.

If you want to cope better with tragic events, you should engage in ________________comparisons with others.

Suppose that Janine-who volunteers for a variety of environmental causes and frequently speaks on campus about the importance of recycling-decided to buy a gas-guzzling SUV last week. When is she most likely to try to rationalize her behavior? ​

Suppose that Sam disliked reggaeton the very first time he heard it. How should we expect his attitude to change (if at all)if he hears it several more times?

The ease with which an attitude comes to mind is called ________________. ​

Studies about exposure to high-status exemplars of black people such as former U.S. President Barack Obama have generated which result pertaining to racial attitudes?

People often have inconsistent automatic and deliberate attitudes without realizing it. How is this possible?

Classical conditioning can be thought of as a type of ____.

Research on religious beliefs shows that appealing to a higher (superordinate)power can be an effective way to reduce ____.

Much research has demonstrated a weak link between (a)what people say their attitudes are and (b)how they actually behave. One of the key reasons that this relationship is so weak, however, is the fact that researchers have often ____.

The idea that beliefs play a central role in helping people cope and recover from misfortunes is called ____. ​

The Mission and the Method

Culture and Nature

The-Self

Choices and Actions: The Self in Control

Social Cognition

Emotion and Affect

Social Influence and Persuasion

Prosocial Behavior: Doing Whats Best for Others

Aggression Antisocial Behavior

Interpersonal Attraction and Rejection

Close Relationships: Passion, Intimacy, and Sexuality

Prejudice and Intergroup Relations

Groups

Application Module A: Applying Social Psychology to Consumer Behavior

Application Module B: Applying Social Psychology to Health

Application Module C: Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Application Module D: Applying Social Psychology to Law

Application Module E: Applying Social Psychology to the Environ

Filters

Which statement best describes the influence of attitudes?

Research on effort justification and cognitive dissonance theory might suggest that we will be more attracted to potential dating partners who than potential dating partners who .

Suppose that Janine-who volunteers for a variety of environmental causes and frequently speaks on campus about the importance of recycling-decided to buy a gas-guzzling SUV last week. When is she most likely to try to rationalize her behavior?

The ease with which an attitude comes to mind is called ________________.

The idea that beliefs play a central role in helping people cope and recover from misfortunes is called ____.