Exam 7: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Consistency

Research on effort justification and cognitive dissonance theory most directly suggests that ____.

According to research studies, people who hold strong attitudes toward an issue are least likely to do which of the following? ​

In a study conducted in Mauritius, young men participated in a painful religious ritual, watched other young men participate in the ritual, or sang and prayed. The young men who ____ donated the least amount to the temple. ​

Which of the following statements is MOST accurate regarding how people form evaluations of other people and of other stimuli?

Iris is a vegetarian, but she ate a steak last night. Because of this hypocritical behavior, Iris is likely to experience a state of discomfort known as ________________. ​

Dylan has a new girlfriend whom he really likes. He programs his cell phone so that every time his girlfriend calls, his phone plays the new Justin Timberlake single. After he has had his phone programmed this way for a little while, he notices that he feels happy whenever he hears the Justin Timberlake song. This MOST clearly illustrates ____.

Describe automatic racial attitudes. How are automatic attitudes different from deliberate attitudes, and which attitudes are more difficult to measure?

You are trying to persuade your mother to lend you some money. You decide to make your attack in the evening, when she will be tired and distracted. This evening strategy is likely to be effective (assuming your mother is not in a bad mood)because in the evening she will be more likely than usual to rely on the ____ system, which will in turn ____.

In general, people do not like to suffer, work hard, or make sacrifices. If and when they do these things, they want to feel that their efforts were worthwhile. Thus, even when people's efforts do not actually seem to have paid off, people will nonetheless try to convince themselves that they suffered for a good reason. This tendency is known as ____. ​

Kelly's first pregnancy was a disaster by most people's standards. Her water broke 24 weeks into the pregnancy, she delivered the baby 15 weeks premature, and he survived but with multiple physical and behavioral health problems that take enormous resources to tackle. Yet every time Kelly takes the baby to the doctor, she notices other families with worse situations-children with terminal illnesses or more profound disabilities. Kelly is using ____ to cope with her baby's complications.

____ serve interpersonal functions.

Highly accessible attitudes can be quite influential because they come to mind very easily.

According to cognitive dissonance theory, "we come to love the things we suffer for." For example, we tend to be especially loyal to groups that require severe or painful initiations. Why does this happen?

Operant conditioning is also sometimes referred to as ____. ​

How does the notion of effort justification relate to cognitive dissonance? ​

To increase the chance that a general attitude like "Helping others is a good thing" will predict a specific behavior like someone's willingness to give blood, you should ____. ​

In a study conducted in Mauritius, young adult men were randomly assigned to one of three roles. They either participated in a painful religious ritual, watched other young men participate in the ritual, or participated by singing and praying. Which group(s)identified more with the larger social group?

The term ____ is used to refer to the idea that people live and function in the social universe based on certain beliefs about reality. ​

One technique that advertisers often use to influence consumers is celebrity endorsement. The logic works like this: If people like Catherine Zeta-Jones and repeatedly see T-Mobile products together with Catherine Zeta-Jones, then people will learn to associate T-Mobile with her and will in turn like T-Mobile more. That is, celebrity endorsement is expected to lead to ____. ​

Research suggests that the more people think about their attitudes, the stronger their attitudes tend to become. For example, the more a Lakers fan thinks about how much she likes the Lakers, the more of a die-hard fan she is likely to become. This effect is called ____.