Exam 7: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Consistency

The so-called A-B problem refers to the fact that ____.

Research suggests that if you are half-asleep on the sofa watching an infomercial, such that you are processing the contents of the infomercial solely via the automatic system, then your automatic system is likely to take in the ____.

Deliberate attitudes can be described as ____ reflective responses.

Festinger and Carlsmith (1959)performed a famous experiment on cognitive dissonance in which subjects were asked to lie to a fellow student (about how fun a psychology experiment was)for either $1 or $20. For subjects in the $1 condition, dissonance was created because these subjects thought to themselves: "I am a nice, ethical person, but I have just been mean and told a lie." It appears that the $1 subjects were ultimately able to reduce this dissonance by thinking: ____.

Early research on classical conditioning was performed with dogs. In certain variations of this research, experimenters repeatedly presented dogs with meat powder just after ringing a bell. The dogs (who would naturally salivate after being exposed to meat powder)learned to associate the bell with the meat powder, and began to salivate as soon as they heard the bell. In this research, the dogs' salivation was ____.

Conservatives tend to rely on conservative media outlets while liberals tend to rely on media outlets. What is this phenomenon called?

____ works on the assumption that a person's attitude toward helping others might fare better if his or her behavior is not measured by a single test. ​

Gamblers often use tricks to ____.

Which scientist proposed the notion of embodied attitudes?

People who hold irrational attitudes (e.g., about Big Foot, UFOs, and ghosts)tend to ____.

Social learning is also sometimes referred to as observational learning or ____. ​

Social psychologists use the word ________________ to refer to how people deal with traumas and return, post-trauma, to healthy, effective functioning.

What is belief perseverance, and how can one negate its negative impact? How do beliefs help people cope with traumatic events?

Early research on classical conditioning was performed with dogs. In certain variations of this research, experimenters repeatedly presented dogs with meat powder just after ringing a bell. The dogs (who would naturally salivate after being exposed to meat powder)learned to associate the bell with the meat powder, and began to salivate as soon as they heard the bell. In this research, the bell served as a(n)____. ​

Consumer surveys (e.g., questionnaires that ask people what products they like and use)are primarily used to measure people's implicit attitudes.

Rose does not like jazz music, whereas her husband loves it. She goes out a few nights with him to listen to jazz performances and finds herself learning to like the music despite her previous negative attitude. This change can best be explained by____.

Explain the mere exposure effect? How is it linked to embodied attitudes? Support your answer with an example.

The tendency to engage in belief perseverance can be reduced or eliminated by ____.

Samantha is five years old and has just started preschool. After a few days her teacher arranges an urgent meeting with Samantha's parents. It is disclosed that Samantha often tends to get angry and her immediate reaction is to slap her peers across their face. Both the parents seem embarrassed and disturbed by this revelation. They promise to try to make changes in their home for their daughter's sake. Which is the type of learning Samantha could have acquired from her home environment? Explain the concept with an example.

There are a number of cognitive tendencies found among gamblers that have the effect of encouraging these people to keep gambling. One of the MOST common is the tendency to see losses as ____.