Question 1

Compared to the other scientific research methods, the experimental method's principal advantage is that it

Accepted Answer

A) can easily be used to study all research questions. 
B) allows for a description of behavior. 
C) permits conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships. 
D) observes behavior in its natural setting. 
A) can easily be used to study all research questions. 
B) allows for a description of behavior. 
C) permits conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships. 
D) observes behavior in its natural setting.

Question 2

Recording all instances of an event for a particular time period (such as how many times an older brother strikes his younger brother) without the subjects' awareness is an example of ​

Accepted Answer

A) compiling a case study. 
B) correlational research. ​ 
C) conducting an experiment. ​ 
D) naturalistic observation. ​ 
A) compiling a case study. 
B) correlational research. ​ 
C) conducting an experiment. ​ 
D) naturalistic observation. ​

Question 3

Dr. Critell is studying aggression in children and plans to define aggression as the number of times one child pushes or strikes another child. Defining aggression in this way would

Accepted Answer

A) be an example of a hypothesis. 
B) violate ethical guidelines for psychological research. 
C) represent an operational definition. 
D) require a double-blind research design. 
A) be an example of a hypothesis. 
B) violate ethical guidelines for psychological research. 
C) represent an operational definition. 
D) require a double-blind research design.

Question 4

The primary reason descriptive\correlational research does not prove causality is because in conducting the research,

Accepted Answer

A) the researcher cannot control events or manipulate variables. 
B) only an experimental group is used. 
C) the data collected frequently come from direct observations or statements made by subjects. 
D) the researcher observes behavior under artificial situations. 
A) the researcher cannot control events or manipulate variables. 
B) only an experimental group is used. 
C) the data collected frequently come from direct observations or statements made by subjects. 
D) the researcher observes behavior under artificial situations.

Question 5

Sampling bias is a problem because it ​

Accepted Answer

A) limits the generality of the findings. 
B) makes it impossible to use inferential statistics. 
C) makes it difficult to avoid a confounding of variables. 
D) makes the effect of the independent variable appear to be bigger than it really is. 
A) limits the generality of the findings. 
B) makes it impossible to use inferential statistics. 
C) makes it difficult to avoid a confounding of variables. 
D) makes the effect of the independent variable appear to be bigger than it really is.

Question 6

Which of the following research methods involves an in-depth investigation of an individual subject?

Accepted Answer

A) E xperiment 
B) Case study 
C) Survey 
D) Naturalistic observation 
A) E xperiment 
B) Case study 
C) Survey 
D) Naturalistic observation

Question 7

Experimenter bias occurs when ​

Accepted Answer

A) experimenters explicitly instruct subjects to behave in a way that will be consistent with their hypothesis. 
B) experimenters desire to make a favorable impression on their subjects. ​ 
C) experimenters' beliefs in their own hypotheses affect either the subjects' behavior or their observations of the subjects. ​ 
D) experimenters conduct their studies in a completely objective manner. ​ 
A) experimenters explicitly instruct subjects to behave in a way that will be consistent with their hypothesis. 
B) experimenters desire to make a favorable impression on their subjects. ​ 
C) experimenters' beliefs in their own hypotheses affect either the subjects' behavior or their observations of the subjects. ​ 
D) experimenters conduct their studies in a completely objective manner. ​

Question 8

A researcher is conducting an experiment on the effect of alcohol consumption on reaction time; half of the subjects drink alcoholic drinks, and half drink nonalcoholic versions of the same drinks. The subjects receiving the nonalcoholic drinks are the _____ group and are used in the study to minimize the influence of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) experimental; sampling bias 
B) experimental; the placebo effect 
C) control; sampling bias 
D) control; the placebo effect 
A) experimental; sampling bias 
B) experimental; the placebo effect 
C) control; sampling bias 
D) control; the placebo effect

Question 9

While theories are MOST closely associated with the scientific goal of _____, hypotheses are MOST closely associated with the goal of _____.

Accepted Answer

A) application; description 
B) description; application 
C) understanding; prediction 
D) prediction; understanding 
A) application; description 
B) description; application 
C) understanding; prediction 
D) prediction; understanding

Question 10

The final step in a scientific investigation is to ​

Accepted Answer

A) conduct the study. 
B) analyze the data. ​ 
C) decide whether or not the hypothesis was supported. ​ 
D) report the findings. ​ 
A) conduct the study. 
B) analyze the data. ​ 
C) decide whether or not the hypothesis was supported. ​ 
D) report the findings. ​

Question 11

Subjects in the control group should be _____ subjects in the experimental groups in all respects except for the treatment they receive with regard to the _____ .

Accepted Answer

A) very different from; independent variable 
B) very different from; dependent variable 
C) very similar to; independent variable 
D) very similar to; dependent variable 
A) very different from; independent variable 
B) very different from; dependent variable 
C) very similar to; independent variable 
D) very similar to; dependent variable

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a common methodological flaw to consider when evaluating scientific research?

Accepted Answer

A) D istortions of self-report 
B) Sampling bias 
C) Subject effect 
D) Placebo effect 
A) D istortions of self-report 
B) Sampling bias 
C) Subject effect 
D) Placebo effect

Question 13

The research method in which the investigator manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a second variable as a result is the _____ method.

Accepted Answer

A) scientific 
B) correlational 
C) descriptive 
D) experimental 
A) scientific 
B) correlational 
C) descriptive 
D) experimental

Question 14

Which of the following statements concerning experimenter bias is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Experimenter bias may influence the behavior of the participants. 
B) Experimenter bias is often intentional . 
C) Experimenter bias may influence the researcher's observations or recording of participants responses . 
D) Experimenter bias may influence the research project in subtle ways . 
A) Experimenter bias may influence the behavior of the participants. 
B) Experimenter bias is often intentional . 
C) Experimenter bias may influence the researcher's observations or recording of participants responses . 
D) Experimenter bias may influence the research project in subtle ways .

Question 15

The experimental procedure in which both the experimenter and subject are unaware of who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group is referred to as the _____ procedure.

Accepted Answer

A) placebo control 
B) stereotaxic 
C) single-blind 
D) double-blind 
A) placebo control 
B) stereotaxic 
C) single-blind 
D) double-blind

Question 16

The scientific approach requires that people specify exactly what they are talking about when they formulate hypotheses. Which of the following advantages of scientific investigation does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A) Precision 
B) Acceptance of a degree of error 
C) Skepticism 
D) Operational definitions 
A) Precision 
B) Acceptance of a degree of error 
C) Skepticism 
D) Operational definitions

Question 17

What are the three goals of the scientific enterprise in psychology?

Accepted Answer

The goals of science in psychology inclu

Question 18

Describe three reasons for using animals in research.

Accepted Answer

Animals may be used in psychological res

Question 19

A(n) _____ is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n) _____ is a tentative statement about...

Question 20

The fact that subjects sometimes report beneficial effects from a placebo treatment illustrates which of your text's unifying themes? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Our experience of the world is highly subjective. 
B) Psychology is empirical. ​ 
C) Heredity and environment jointly influence behavior. ​ 
D) Our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage. ​ 
A) Our experience of the world is highly subjective. 
B) Psychology is empirical. ​ 
C) Heredity and environment jointly influence behavior. ​ 
D) Our behavior is shaped by our cultural heritage. ​

Compared to the other scientific research methods, the experimental method's principal advantage is that it

Recording all instances of an event for a particular time period (such as how many times an older brother strikes his younger brother) without the subjects' awareness is an example of

Dr. Critell is studying aggression in children and plans to define aggression as the number of times one child pushes or strikes another child. Defining aggression in this way would

The primary reason descriptive\correlational research does not prove causality is because in conducting the research,

Sampling bias is a problem because it

Which of the following research methods involves an in-depth investigation of an individual subject?

Experimenter bias occurs when

While theories are MOST closely associated with the scientific goal of _, hypotheses are MOST closely associated with the goal of _.

The final step in a scientific investigation is to

Subjects in the control group should be _ subjects in the experimental groups in all respects except for the treatment they receive with regard to the _ .

Which of the following is NOT a common methodological flaw to consider when evaluating scientific research?

The research method in which the investigator manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a second variable as a result is the _____ method.

Which of the following statements concerning experimenter bias is FALSE?

The experimental procedure in which both the experimenter and subject are unaware of who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group is referred to as the _____ procedure.

The scientific approach requires that people specify exactly what they are talking about when they formulate hypotheses. Which of the following advantages of scientific investigation does this illustrate?

What are the three goals of the scientific enterprise in psychology?

Describe three reasons for using animals in research.

A(n) _____ is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables.

The fact that subjects sometimes report beneficial effects from a placebo treatment illustrates which of your text's unifying themes?

The Evolution of Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Variations in Consciousness

Learning

Human Memory

Cognition and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development Across the Life Span

Personality

Social Behavior

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Exam 2: The Research Enterprise in Psychology

Compared to the other scientific research methods, the experimental method's principal advantage is that it

Recording all instances of an event for a particular time period (such as how many times an older brother strikes his younger brother) without the subjects' awareness is an example of ​

Dr. Critell is studying aggression in children and plans to define aggression as the number of times one child pushes or strikes another child. Defining aggression in this way would

The primary reason descriptive\correlational research does not prove causality is because in conducting the research,

Sampling bias is a problem because it ​

Which of the following research methods involves an in-depth investigation of an individual subject?

Experimenter bias occurs when ​

While theories are MOST closely associated with the scientific goal of _____, hypotheses are MOST closely associated with the goal of _____.

The final step in a scientific investigation is to ​

Subjects in the control group should be _____ subjects in the experimental groups in all respects except for the treatment they receive with regard to the _____ .

Which of the following is NOT a common methodological flaw to consider when evaluating scientific research?

The research method in which the investigator manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a second variable as a result is the _____ method.

Which of the following statements concerning experimenter bias is FALSE?

The experimental procedure in which both the experimenter and subject are unaware of who is in the experimental group and who is in the control group is referred to as the _____ procedure.

The scientific approach requires that people specify exactly what they are talking about when they formulate hypotheses. Which of the following advantages of scientific investigation does this illustrate?

What are the three goals of the scientific enterprise in psychology?

Describe three reasons for using animals in research.

A(n) _____ is a tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables.

The fact that subjects sometimes report beneficial effects from a placebo treatment illustrates which of your text's unifying themes? ​

The Evolution of Psychology

The Biological Bases of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

Variations in Consciousness

Learning

Human Memory

Cognition and Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Human Development Across the Life Span

Personality

Social Behavior

Stress, Coping, and Health

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters

Recording all instances of an event for a particular time period (such as how many times an older brother strikes his younger brother) without the subjects' awareness is an example of

Sampling bias is a problem because it

Experimenter bias occurs when

While theories are MOST closely associated with the scientific goal of _, hypotheses are MOST closely associated with the goal of _.

The final step in a scientific investigation is to

Subjects in the control group should be _ subjects in the experimental groups in all respects except for the treatment they receive with regard to the _ .

The fact that subjects sometimes report beneficial effects from a placebo treatment illustrates which of your text's unifying themes?