Question 1

Individuals who typically express extreme dark triad traits would most likely be diagnosed with

Accepted Answer

A) neuroticism. 
B) a psychosis. 
C) a personality disorder. 
D) a dissociative identity disorder. 
A) neuroticism. 
B) a psychosis. 
C) a personality disorder. 
D) a dissociative identity disorder.

Question 2

Because of the halo effect, a person who is likable or physically attractive may be rated more mature, intelligent, or mentally healthy than she or he actually is.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

According to Freud, an unresolved conflict or emotional hang-up caused by overindulgence or by frustration is called

Accepted Answer

A) a fixation. 
B) an incongruence. 
C) androgyny. 
D) a cardinal trait. 
A) a fixation. 
B) an incongruence. 
C) androgyny. 
D) a cardinal trait.

Question 4

According to Seligman and Peterson, the human strength of "courage" is expressed by the positive traits of

Accepted Answer

A) curiosity, open-mindedness, and perspective. 
B) persistence, integrity, and vitality. 
C) fairness, leadership, and citizenship. 
D) forgiveness, humility, prudence, and self-control. 
A) curiosity, open-mindedness, and perspective. 
B) persistence, integrity, and vitality. 
C) fairness, leadership, and citizenship. 
D) forgiveness, humility, prudence, and self-control.

Question 5

An overly strict or harsh superego will cause

Accepted Answer

A) increasing levels of primary process thinking. 
B) an antisocial personality. 
C) inhibition, rigidity, or unbearable guilt. 
D) a breakdown of the libido. 
A) increasing levels of primary process thinking. 
B) an antisocial personality. 
C) inhibition, rigidity, or unbearable guilt. 
D) a breakdown of the libido.

Question 6

According to Alfred Adler, the main driving force in one's personality is the collective unconscious.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Rogers believed that a person received ample amounts of love and acceptance from others, he or she was more likely to become

Accepted Answer

A) an incongruent person. 
B) a fully functioning person. 
C) fixated. 
D) narcissistic. 
A) an incongruent person. 
B) a fully functioning person. 
C) fixated. 
D) narcissistic.

Question 8

At her job, Kara is hard working, organized, responsible, and punctual. She would score high on which dimension of the Big Five model of personality?

Accepted Answer

A) neuroticism 
B) agreeableness 
C) conscientiousness 
D) extroversion 
A) neuroticism 
B) agreeableness 
C) conscientiousness 
D) extroversion

Question 9

Regarding psychological assessment, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Psychological assessments are significantly less accurate than commonly used medical tests. 
B) Test scores are informative, but they can incorrectly label people. 
C) A clinical psychologist trying to decide if a person has emotional problems should use the MMPI-2 plus information from interviews and other tests. 
D) Interviews, observation, rating scales, and personality questionnaires try to directly identify overt, observable traits. 
A) Psychological assessments are significantly less accurate than commonly used medical tests. 
B) Test scores are informative, but they can incorrectly label people. 
C) A clinical psychologist trying to decide if a person has emotional problems should use the MMPI-2 plus information from interviews and other tests. 
D) Interviews, observation, rating scales, and personality questionnaires try to directly identify overt, observable traits.

Question 10

The halo effect refers to the

Accepted Answer

A) technique in which the frequency and severity of various behaviors are recorded. 
B) use of ambiguous or unstructured stimuli in the assessment of personality. 
C) process of admitting experience into consciousness during organismic valuing. 
D) tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to unrelated details of personality. 
A) technique in which the frequency and severity of various behaviors are recorded. 
B) use of ambiguous or unstructured stimuli in the assessment of personality. 
C) process of admitting experience into consciousness during organismic valuing. 
D) tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to unrelated details of personality.

Question 11

In a study that compared twins to unrelated pairs of students, who were the same age and sex, the unrelated pairs of students were almost as alike as the twins. These unrelated pairs had similar political beliefs, musical interests, religious preferences, job histories, hobbies, and favorite foods. These unrelated students were so similar because

Accepted Answer

A) the students in the study actually were similar in their genetic make-up. 
B) they were selected through procedures that were biased in favor of the middle class. 
C) they were of the same age and sex, living in the same historical times, and selecting from similar societal options. 
D) the pairs of twins were so dissimilar that the unrelated pairs of students appeared very similar to each other in comparison. 
A) the students in the study actually were similar in their genetic make-up. 
B) they were selected through procedures that were biased in favor of the middle class. 
C) they were of the same age and sex, living in the same historical times, and selecting from similar societal options. 
D) the pairs of twins were so dissimilar that the unrelated pairs of students appeared very similar to each other in comparison.

Question 12

Suppose you are a carefree "party animal" who would like to study more or a "bookworm" that would like to socialize more. Explain how stable these personality traits are and then, using the narrative approach, describe how you could make changes to your "type" and either study more or socialize more.

Accepted Answer

Answers will include that college life c

Question 13

Freud believed that one's personality is characterized by the

Accepted Answer

A) life instincts being dominant over the death instinct. 
B) presence of an unrestrained id or an overpowering superego. 
C) dominance of the pleasure principle over the reality principle. 
D) delicate balance of power among the three mental structures. 
A) life instincts being dominant over the death instinct. 
B) presence of an unrestrained id or an overpowering superego. 
C) dominance of the pleasure principle over the reality principle. 
D) delicate balance of power among the three mental structures.

Question 14

Projective tests, such as the TAT and Rorschach, have

Accepted Answer

A) validities that are higher than that of objective tests such as the MMPI-2. 
B) validities that are high, but reliabilities that are extremely low. 
C) value especially when used in a battery of tests. 
D) no value in today's psychological assessments. 
A) validities that are higher than that of objective tests such as the MMPI-2. 
B) validities that are high, but reliabilities that are extremely low. 
C) value especially when used in a battery of tests. 
D) no value in today's psychological assessments.

Question 15

Rogers believed that congruence and self-actualization are encouraged by replacing conditions of worth with

Accepted Answer

A) organismic valuing. 
B) possible selves. 
C) the real self. 
D) incongruence. 
A) organismic valuing. 
B) possible selves. 
C) the real self. 
D) incongruence.

Question 16

Which of the following was a contribution of Freudian developmental theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Freud was one of the first to propose that development proceeds through a series of stages. 
B) Freud believed that development varied from individual to individual due to learning and socialization. 
C) Freud emphasized that the key to a healthy personality was fixation. 
D) Because of its objective, scientific basis, Freud's theory can be used to predict future behavior. 
A) Freud was one of the first to propose that development proceeds through a series of stages. 
B) Freud believed that development varied from individual to individual due to learning and socialization. 
C) Freud emphasized that the key to a healthy personality was fixation. 
D) Because of its objective, scientific basis, Freud's theory can be used to predict future behavior.

Question 17

Regarding Freud's theories, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Freud's theory provides numerous ways to explain almost any thought, action, or feeling after it has occurred but leads to few predictions, which makes his claims difficult to test. 
B) Contemporary psychodynamic theorists do not share Freud's focus on the motivating power of sex and death and see other motives and cognitive factors as of equal importance. 
C) Freud's idea of the role of a stern or threatening father in the development of a strong conscience in males and his ideas on the development of women have been accepted by contemporary psychodynamic theorists. 
D) Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages, which cover development from birth to old age, are a modern offshoot of Freudian thinking. 
A) Freud's theory provides numerous ways to explain almost any thought, action, or feeling after it has occurred but leads to few predictions, which makes his claims difficult to test. 
B) Contemporary psychodynamic theorists do not share Freud's focus on the motivating power of sex and death and see other motives and cognitive factors as of equal importance. 
C) Freud's idea of the role of a stern or threatening father in the development of a strong conscience in males and his ideas on the development of women have been accepted by contemporary psychodynamic theorists. 
D) Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages, which cover development from birth to old age, are a modern offshoot of Freudian thinking.

Question 18

According to twin studies, the role of environment in shaping personality is

Accepted Answer

A) small but detectable. 
B) as much or more important than heredity. 
C) overestimated. 
D) negligible. 
A) small but detectable. 
B) as much or more important than heredity. 
C) overestimated. 
D) negligible.

Question 19

According to Rogers, if a person fails to allow new information to gradually change his or her self-image, the person is likely to become

Accepted Answer

A) fixated. 
B) actualized. 
C) incongruent. 
D) androgynous. 
A) fixated. 
B) actualized. 
C) incongruent. 
D) androgynous.

Question 20

In Dollard and Miller's learning theory of personality, drives are

Accepted Answer

A) stimuli that are strong enough to goad a person into action. 
B) responses that an individual perceives in the environment. 
C) signals from the environment that are associated with rewards. 
D) deeply ingrained, learned patterns of behavior. 
A) stimuli that are strong enough to goad a person into action. 
B) responses that an individual perceives in the environment. 
C) signals from the environment that are associated with rewards. 
D) deeply ingrained, learned patterns of behavior.

Individuals who typically express extreme dark triad traits would most likely be diagnosed with

Because of the halo effect, a person who is likable or physically attractive may be rated more mature, intelligent, or mentally healthy than she or he actually is.

According to Freud, an unresolved conflict or emotional hang-up caused by overindulgence or by frustration is called

According to Seligman and Peterson, the human strength of "courage" is expressed by the positive traits of

An overly strict or harsh superego will cause

According to Alfred Adler, the main driving force in one's personality is the collective unconscious.

Rogers believed that a person received ample amounts of love and acceptance from others, he or she was more likely to become

At her job, Kara is hard working, organized, responsible, and punctual. She would score high on which dimension of the Big Five model of personality?

Regarding psychological assessment, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The halo effect refers to the

Freud believed that one's personality is characterized by the

Projective tests, such as the TAT and Rorschach, have

Rogers believed that congruence and self-actualization are encouraged by replacing conditions of worth with

Which of the following was a contribution of Freudian developmental theory?

Regarding Freud's theories, which of the following statements is FALSE?

According to twin studies, the role of environment in shaping personality is

According to Rogers, if a person fails to allow new information to gradually change his or her self-image, the person is likely to become

In Dollard and Miller's learning theory of personality, drives are

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior

Human Development

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Conditioning and Learning

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Creativity

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Health, Stress, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Thinking and Social Influence

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Maximizing Learning through Reflective Processing and Active Thinking

Applied Psychology

Filters

Exam 12: Personality

Individuals who typically express extreme dark triad traits would most likely be diagnosed with

Because of the halo effect, a person who is likable or physically attractive may be rated more mature, intelligent, or mentally healthy than she or he actually is.

According to Freud, an unresolved conflict or emotional hang-up caused by overindulgence or by frustration is called

According to Seligman and Peterson, the human strength of "courage" is expressed by the positive traits of

An overly strict or harsh superego will cause

According to Alfred Adler, the main driving force in one's personality is the collective unconscious.

Rogers believed that a person received ample amounts of love and acceptance from others, he or she was more likely to become

At her job, Kara is hard working, organized, responsible, and punctual. She would score high on which dimension of the Big Five model of personality?

Regarding psychological assessment, which of the following statements is FALSE?

The halo effect refers to the

Freud believed that one's personality is characterized by the

Projective tests, such as the TAT and Rorschach, have

Rogers believed that congruence and self-actualization are encouraged by replacing conditions of worth with

Which of the following was a contribution of Freudian developmental theory?

Regarding Freud's theories, which of the following statements is FALSE?

According to twin studies, the role of environment in shaping personality is

According to Rogers, if a person fails to allow new information to gradually change his or her self-image, the person is likely to become

In Dollard and Miller's learning theory of personality, drives are

Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Brain and Behavior

Human Development

Sensation and Perception

States of Consciousness

Conditioning and Learning

Memory

Cognition, Language, and Creativity

Intelligence

Motivation and Emotion

Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Health, Stress, and Coping

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Social Thinking and Social Influence

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior

Maximizing Learning through Reflective Processing and Active Thinking

Applied Psychology

Filters