Question 1

Hepatic encephalopathy may be caused by an increased ratio of aromatic amino acids to branched-chain amino acids in brain tissue.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Laboratory findings associated with fatty liver include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) elevated HDL. 
B) elevated ALT and AST. 
C) elevated glucose. 
D) elevated triglycerides. 
A) elevated HDL. 
B) elevated ALT and AST. 
C) elevated glucose. 
D) elevated triglycerides.

Question 3

of the following are possible treatment options for symptomatic gallstones except:

Accepted Answer

A) cholecystectomy. 
B) urosodiol. 
C) a sodium-controlled diet. 
D) shock-wave lithotripsy. 
A) cholecystectomy. 
B) urosodiol. 
C) a sodium-controlled diet. 
D) shock-wave lithotripsy.

Question 4

Persons using potassium-sparing diuretics should be cautioned about consuming:

Accepted Answer

A) salt substitutes. 
B) herbs and spices. 
C) soft drinks. 
D) dairy foods. 
A) salt substitutes. 
B) herbs and spices. 
C) soft drinks. 
D) dairy foods.

Question 5

Ascites is:

Accepted Answer

A) yellowing of the sclera of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. 
B) fluid accumulation in the abdomen. 
C) inflammation of the liver. 
D) elevated blood ammonia levels. 
A) yellowing of the sclera of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. 
B) fluid accumulation in the abdomen. 
C) inflammation of the liver. 
D) elevated blood ammonia levels.

Question 6

add energy but not protein to the diet, you would add:

Accepted Answer

A) butter. 
B) milkshakes. 
C) vegetables. 
D) hard-boiled eggs. 
A) butter. 
B) milkshakes. 
C) vegetables. 
D) hard-boiled eggs.

Question 7

Gallstones may consist of any of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) calcium salts. 
B) cholesterol. 
C) bilirubin. 
D) lipase. 
A) calcium salts. 
B) cholesterol. 
C) bilirubin. 
D) lipase.

Question 8

patients with liver dysfunction, the risk of diet-drug interactions is especially high for patients with:

Accepted Answer

A) heart disease. 
B) diabetes. 
C) renal failure. 
D) anemia. 
A) heart disease. 
B) diabetes. 
C) renal failure. 
D) anemia.

Question 9

Following a liver transplant, immunosuppressive drugs are given to reduce the immune responses that cause rejection.The nurse recognizes that these drugs can affect nutrition status because of their effects on:

Accepted Answer

A) kidney function. 
B) pancreatic function. 
C) the GI tract. 
D) the absorption of nutrients. 
A) kidney function. 
B) pancreatic function. 
C) the GI tract. 
D) the absorption of nutrients.

Question 10

patient in the late stage of hepatic encephalopathy may exhibit all of the following symptoms except:

Accepted Answer

A) confusion. 
B) cheerfulness. 
C) anger. 
D) muscular rigidity. 
A) confusion. 
B) cheerfulness. 
C) anger. 
D) muscular rigidity.

Question 11

Case Study 
Cook with Cholelithiasis: Marcia Brown is a 42-year-old Pima Indian who works as a cook in a casino in Arizona.She has just been diagnosed with cholelithiasis.She is 5'4" tall and once weighed 210 pounds.One year ago she underwent gastric bypass surgery and has lost 75 pounds.For several months she had been experiencing episodes of pain in the right upper part of her abdomen.The pain usually began after eating and lasted for several hours.Lately she began to experience nausea and vomiting with the pain and began to run a fever.
-Explain the relationship between rapid weight loss and the development of cholelithiasis.

Accepted Answer

Rapid weight loss increases the secretio

Question 12

Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions 
Andrew Jamison is a 47-year-old construction worker with a long history of alcohol abuse.Recently he has been experiencing fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss.A visit to his physician and laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of cirrhosis.He is 5'10" tall and currently weighs 145 pounds.
-Complications of cirrhosis that Mr.Jamison may be facing in the future include all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A) ascites. 
B) portal hypertension. 
C) gastroesophageal varices. 
D) kidney cancer. 
A) ascites. 
B) portal hypertension. 
C) gastroesophageal varices. 
D) kidney cancer.

Question 13

most common cause of chronic liver disease in the U.S.is:

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin B₁₂ deficiency. 
B) alcoholism. 
C) hepatitis C infection. 
D) protein deficiency. 
A) vitamin B₁₂ deficiency. 
B) alcoholism. 
C) hepatitis C infection. 
D) protein deficiency.

Question 14

Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions 
Andrew Jamison is a 47-year-old construction worker with a long history of alcohol abuse.Recently he has been experiencing fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss.A visit to his physician and laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of cirrhosis.He is 5'10" tall and currently weighs 145 pounds.
-dietitian assesses Mr.Jamison's protein needs based on an appropriate weight for his height and estimates that he requires _____ grams of protein per day.

Accepted Answer

A) 25-51 
B) 52-62 
C) 56-83 
D) 98-118 
A) 25-51 
B) 52-62 
C) 56-83 
D) 98-118

Question 15

Mr.Rahman is an alcoholic patient with cirrhosis.He is malnourished and is experiencing protein catabolism.Which of the following is most important to minimize the loss of lean body mass?

Accepted Answer

A) increased protein intake 
B) adequate protein and kcalorie intake 
C) increased fat intake 
D) decreased carbohydrate intake 
A) increased protein intake 
B) adequate protein and kcalorie intake 
C) increased fat intake 
D) decreased carbohydrate intake

Question 16

of the following laboratory test results are elevated in liver disease except:

Accepted Answer

A) bilirubin. 
B) albumin. 
C) ammonia. 
D) AST. 
A) bilirubin. 
B) albumin. 
C) ammonia. 
D) AST.

Question 17

Case Study Questions
Use the following case study to answer questions 
Andrew Jamison is a 47-year-old construction worker with a long history of alcohol abuse.Recently he has been experiencing fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, and weight loss.A visit to his physician and laboratory testing confirmed a diagnosis of cirrhosis.He is 5'10" tall and currently weighs 145 pounds.
-Jamison begins experiencing hyperglycemia as his disease progresses.The appropriate diet for him is:

Accepted Answer

A) low protein. 
B) carbohydrate controlled. 
C) low sodium 
D) fat controlled. 
A) low protein. 
B) carbohydrate controlled. 
C) low sodium 
D) fat controlled.

Question 18

Collaterals are:

Accepted Answer

A) small blood vessels in the intestines. 
B) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternate path for blood flow. 
C) induced by fatty liver disease. 
D) hemorrhages in the esophagus. 
A) small blood vessels in the intestines. 
B) blood vessels that enlarge in order to allow an alternate path for blood flow. 
C) induced by fatty liver disease. 
D) hemorrhages in the esophagus.

Question 19

Describe why ascites, portal hypertension, and esophageal varices occur in patients with cirrhosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe why ascites, portal hypertension, and esophageal...

Question 20

Patients with ascites generally must restrict their intake of:

Accepted Answer

A) fat. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) sodium. 
D) iron. 
A) fat. 
B) carbohydrates. 
C) sodium. 
D) iron.

Exam 20: Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Hepatic encephalopathy may be caused by an increased ratio of aromatic amino acids to branched-chain amino acids in brain tissue.

Laboratory findings associated with fatty liver include all of the following except:

of the following are possible treatment options for symptomatic gallstones except:

Persons using potassium-sparing diuretics should be cautioned about consuming:

Ascites is:

add energy but not protein to the diet, you would add:

Gallstones may consist of any of the following except:

patients with liver dysfunction, the risk of diet-drug interactions is especially high for patients with:

Following a liver transplant, immunosuppressive drugs are given to reduce the immune responses that cause rejection.The nurse recognizes that these drugs can affect nutrition status because of their effects on:

patient in the late stage of hepatic encephalopathy may exhibit all of the following symptoms except:

most common cause of chronic liver disease in the U.S.is:

Mr.Rahman is an alcoholic patient with cirrhosis.He is malnourished and is experiencing protein catabolism.Which of the following is most important to minimize the loss of lean body mass?

of the following laboratory test results are elevated in liver disease except:

Collaterals are:

Describe why ascites, portal hypertension, and esophageal varices occur in patients with cirrhosis.

Patients with ascites generally must restrict their intake of:

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Digestion and Absorption

Metabolism, Energy Balance, and Body Composition

Weight Management: Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span: Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications, Diet-Drug Interactions, and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support: Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate- and Fat-Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Carbohydrate-Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat-Controlled, Mineral-Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein-, Mineral-, and Fluid-Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy- and Protein-Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy- and Protein-Modified Diets for Cancer and Hiv Infection

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