Exam 12: Case Studies 21-22 George Kelly: Contributions

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Fromm suggested that as we have evolved and become increasingly cognitive beings we have also become distanced from nature.This distance creates anxiety and we are motivated to reduce this anxiety.This is Fromm's human dilemma.May's concept of the human dilemma suggested similarly that we can see ourselves both subjectively and objectively.Both concepts addressed uniquely human cognitive abilities and the possibility that too much emphasis on thought could be detrimental to a person's adjustment.

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Rogers's congruency and May's authenticity are similar concepts.Rogers believed congruency existed when the selves are very similar, including the organismic self, the ideal self, and the perceived self.In order for this to occur one must act/behave in a way that is relevant to themselves, i.e., the organismic self, as opposed to behaving in ways that will allow one to gain another's affection or approval (conditions of worth) even though it makes one uncomfortable.May also suggested that to be well-adjusted we must behave in a way that is consistent with our own value system, not in a manner dictated by others.Behaving in accordance with our own values is May's concept of authenticity.

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For May, the human dilemma is the idea that we can see ourselves both subjectively and objectively.For Fromm, the human dilemma was the idea that we are both separate from nature and we are aware of that separateness.Both concepts are similar in that they suggest that we can experience events both subjectively and objectively.They are both different however, in that Fromm's is more specific.