Exam 19: Case Studies 35-36 Evolutionary Psychology: Contributions

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According to McCrae and Costa, openness to experience is a matter of showing appreciation for adventure, being imaginative and curious.Subira would probably score high on openness to experience.She is described as dressing in unique ways, trying different types of food and enjoying wandering through Greenwich Village to observe others.The case also states that she "tries as many new experiences as possible" and that she would like to travel "to see new sites and cultures."

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Eric is quite conventional and not open to new experiences.As the case states, "Some of Eric's friends tried to get him to try other activities, but they were unsuccessful.He did not want to go to any museums, sporting events, or the theater.Eric preferred a simple, uncomplicated life.In many of his practices, he was very set in his ways.His clothing and his apartment were all utilitarian, and when something wore out, he simply replaced it with something similar."

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McCrae and Costa view self-concept as a characteristic adaptation.Note that basic tendencies are stable but that characteristic adaptations fluctuate.Self-concept therefore can change depending upon circumstances, just as circumstances can influence the self-concept.Rogers thought that self-concept was one part of the organismic self.For Rogers, the definition of self-concept is our perception of our self, just as McCrae and Costa's definition is.For both Rogers, and McCrae and Costa, the self-concept contain both accurate and inaccurate images of ourselves.Bandura saw the self system as a set of cognitive structures that encourage consistent behavior, that allow us to engage in self regulation, and so his ideas about the self are quite different than that of McCrae and Costa's.But both Bandura, as well as McCrae and Costa, (and Rogers) suggested that self concepts are relatively accurate, with some possibility for distortion.