Chat with AIExam 16: Case Studies 29-30 Gordon Allport: Contributions
What is expectancy and reinforcement value, according to Rotter? How do they influence Randall's decision to argue/fight with a schoolmate who is verbally abusive?
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VerifiedExpectancy is a belief about what will happen if we act in a certain way.Reinforcement value is a matter of preferring one reinforcer over another.For Rotter, expectancy and reinforcement value determine the strength of the behavior potential and therefore the likelihood that it will be chosen as a course of action.The respect and attention Randall gets by fighting/arguing is more important (i.e., has more reinforcement value) than being allowed to stay in school, when he is making the decision to fight or walk away from schoolmate's insults.Relatedly, the fact that Randall can predict the outcomes of each of these behavior potentials (such as being suspended from school if he gets into another fight) is expectancy.
What is behavior potential, according to Rotter? Find an example of it in the case study.What does Rotter say about the importance of the situation in determining behavior?
(67) VerifiedBehavior potential is the likelihood of a behavior occurring in a certain situation.An example can be found in Randall's deciding how to react to verbal abuse.He is likely to leave his house if his mother is abusive but is likely to fight someone if they make an insulting comment in school.These behaviors tend to be consistent across arguments with his mother or peers, respectively, but one can see the importance of the situation in this example.Whereas other theorists ignore the impact of the situation, Rotter, says the situation is also important in determining behavior, not just the behavior potential.For Rotter, expectancy and reinforcement value determine the strength of the behavior potential and therefore the likelihood that it will be chosen as a course of action in a particular situation.
Use Skinner's radical behaviorism to explain Randall's aggressive behavior.Compare and contrast Rotter's thoughts on reinforcement to those of Skinner.
(82) VerifiedSkinner suggested that rewards and punishments encouraged or discouraged behavior from occurring again.Randall is most likely receiving reinforcement through gaining attention and through feelings of being respected when he fights, thereby encouraging that behavior.Both Skinner and Rotter believe that external reinforcement encourages behavior.However, Rotter's approach is much more cognitive than Skinner's, including notions of freedom of movement and expectancies.Rotter's approach also includes the possibility that the situation has an effect on behavior, and Skinner's does not.
Use Rotter's psychological needs and concept of freedom of movement to explain Barb's need to lose weight and feel attractive again.
(82) Use Rotter's concept of expectancy to explain Barb's avoidance of eating junk food.
(86) Using Rotter's social learning theory, analyze Randall's behavior by answering the following questions.
-What is locus of control, according to Rotter? What type of locus of control does Randall appear to have? Provide evidence for your answer.
(87) How is Rotter's concept of locus of control similar to Bandura's concept of self-efficacy? How is it different?
(85) What is freedom of movement according to Rotter?Use Rotter's psychological needs and concept of freedom of movement to explain Randall's decision to argue/fight with a schoolmate who is verbally abusive.
(84) How does Rotter descibe interpersonal trust? Would Randall score high or low in interpersonal trust? Provide evidence for your answer.
(85) Using Rotter's social learning theory, analyze Barb's behavior by answering the following questions.
-What is minimal goal level, according to Rotter? Find an example of it in the case study.
(62) Use Rotter's concept of behavior potential and his views on situational factors to explain Barb's eating habits while watching television, when she is stressed, and at parties.
(84) Compare Rotter's freedom of movement to Adler's feelings of inferiority.
(84) Using Rotter's social learning theory, analyze Barb's behavior by answering the following questions.
-What type of locus of control does Barb appear to have? Provide evidence for your answer.
(65) Use Rotter's concept of reinforcement value to explain Barb's choosing between healthy/lower calorie food and higher calorie comfort food (e.g., junk food).
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