Question 1

Match the assays and definitions.
-Indirect immunofluorescent assay

Accepted Answer

A) Antibodies can act as antigens and react with anti-immunoglobulins. 
B) Conjugated antibody is used to detect antigen-antibody reactions at a microscopic level. 
C) An antigen is first exposed to unlabeled antibody and then to labeled antibody. 
A) Antibodies can act as antigens and react with anti-immunoglobulins. 
B) Conjugated antibody is used to detect antigen-antibody reactions at a microscopic level. 
C) An antigen is first exposed to unlabeled antibody and then to labeled antibody. A

Question 2

Chemiluminescence refers to

Accepted Answer

A) light emitted. 
B) heat emitted. 
C) a chemical reaction. 
D) Both A and C. 
A) light emitted. 
B) heat emitted. 
C) a chemical reaction. 
D) Both A and C. D

Question 3

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition.
-Signal amplification technology

Accepted Answer

A) Semiconductor nanocrystals 
B) Method of tagging antibodies with superparamagnetic particles 
C) Technology based on two different 200-nm latex particles 
D) Molecular cytogenetic technique 
E) May be used in many fluorescent and colorimetric applications 
A) Semiconductor nanocrystals 
B) Method of tagging antibodies with superparamagnetic particles 
C) Technology based on two different 200-nm latex particles 
D) Molecular cytogenetic technique 
E) May be used in many fluorescent and colorimetric applications E

Question 4

Magnetic labeling application uses

Accepted Answer

A) automated DNA sequences. 
B) DNA probe technology. 
C) gel electrophoresis. 
D) All of the above. 
A) automated DNA sequences. 
B) DNA probe technology. 
C) gel electrophoresis. 
D) All of the above.

Question 5

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with the appropriate description.
-Noncompetitive EIA

Accepted Answer

A) The amount of color that develops in the reaction is inversely proportional to the amount of antibody. 
B) Antibody specific for immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG is attached to a solid-phase surface. 
C) A specific antigen is attached to a solid-phase surface. 
A) The amount of color that develops in the reaction is inversely proportional to the amount of antibody. 
B) Antibody specific for immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG is attached to a solid-phase surface. 
C) A specific antigen is attached to a solid-phase surface.

Question 6

Fluorescent molecules in immunofluorescent techniques are used as substitutes for

Accepted Answer

A) radioisotopes. 
B) enzyme labels. 
C) antibody substitutes. 
D) Both A and B. 
A) radioisotopes. 
B) enzyme labels. 
C) antibody substitutes. 
D) Both A and B.

Question 7

Match the assays and definitions.
-Inhibition immunofluorescent assay

Accepted Answer

A) Antibodies can act as antigens and react with anti-immunoglobulins. 
B) Conjugated antibody is used to detect antigen-antibody reactions at a microscopic level. 
C) An antigen is first exposed to unlabeled antibody and then to labeled antibody. 
A) Antibodies can act as antigens and react with anti-immunoglobulins. 
B) Conjugated antibody is used to detect antigen-antibody reactions at a microscopic level. 
C) An antigen is first exposed to unlabeled antibody and then to labeled antibody.

Question 8

In a changing clinical environment, the indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) has been replaced with the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A disadvantage of this trade-off to EIA is

Accepted Answer

A) lower cost. 
B) that it is slower in producing results. 
C) that it is more technically challenging and requires more training and experience. 
D) that it is problematic for patients with less than a 1:160 antinuclear antibody (AN
A)  titer. 
A) lower cost. 
B) that it is slower in producing results. 
C) that it is more technically challenging and requires more training and experience. 
D) that it is problematic for patients with less than a 1:160 antinuclear antibody (AN
A)  titer.

Question 9

FISH technology

Accepted Answer

A) uses recombinant DNA technology. 
B) detects hematopathologic chromosomal abnormalities. 
C) detects oncogenic chromosomal abnormalities. 
D) All of the above. 
A) uses recombinant DNA technology. 
B) detects hematopathologic chromosomal abnormalities. 
C) detects oncogenic chromosomal abnormalities. 
D) All of the above.

Question 10

An advantage of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) compared with radioimmunoassay (RIA) is

Accepted Answer

A) a longer shelf life. 
B) no need for automation. 
C) no radioactive hazardous waste. 
D) decreased risk of transmission of infectious diseases. 
A) a longer shelf life. 
B) no need for automation. 
C) no radioactive hazardous waste. 
D) decreased risk of transmission of infectious diseases.

Question 11

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition.
-Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

Accepted Answer

A) Semiconductor nanocrystals 
B) Method of tagging antibodies with superparamagnetic particles 
C) Technology based on two different 200-nm latex particles 
D) Molecular cytogenetic technique 
E) May be used in many fluorescent and colorimetric applications 
A) Semiconductor nanocrystals 
B) Method of tagging antibodies with superparamagnetic particles 
C) Technology based on two different 200-nm latex particles 
D) Molecular cytogenetic technique 
E) May be used in many fluorescent and colorimetric applications

Question 12

Match the assays and definitions.
-Direct immunofluorescent assay

Accepted Answer

A) Antibodies can act as antigens and react with anti-immunoglobulins. 
B) Conjugated antibody is used to detect antigen-antibody reactions at a microscopic level. 
C) An antigen is first exposed to unlabeled antibody and then to labeled antibody. 
A) Antibodies can act as antigens and react with anti-immunoglobulins. 
B) Conjugated antibody is used to detect antigen-antibody reactions at a microscopic level. 
C) An antigen is first exposed to unlabeled antibody and then to labeled antibody.

Question 13

A fluorescent substance or dye absorbs light of one wavelength and emits light of another wavelength.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

In fluorescent antibody microscopy using a fluorescent substance or dye, the incident light is infrared.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) is widely used for the detection of

Accepted Answer

A) autoantibodies. 
B) antibody to tissue antigen. 
C) antibody to cellular antigen. 
D) All of the above. 
A) autoantibodies. 
B) antibody to tissue antigen. 
C) antibody to cellular antigen. 
D) All of the above.

Question 16

To be used for enzyme immunoassay (EIA), an enzyme must exhibit

Accepted Answer

A) a high degree of stability. 
B) extreme specificity. 
C) absence from the antigen or antibody being tested. 
D) All of the above. 
A) a high degree of stability. 
B) extreme specificity. 
C) absence from the antigen or antibody being tested. 
D) All of the above.

Question 17

Match the chemiluminescent format with the appropriate description.
-Sandwich immunoassay

Accepted Answer

A) A fixed amount of labeled antigen competes with unlabeled antigen from a patient specimen for a limited number of antibody-binding sites. 
B) The sample antigen binds to an antibody fixed onto a solid phase; a second antibody, labeled with a chemiluminescent label, binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase. 
C) A fixed amount of labeled antibody competes with unlabeled antibody from a patient specimen for a limited number of antigen-binding sites. 
D) The sample antibody binds to an antigen fixed onto a solid phase; a second antigen, labeled with a chemiluminescent label, binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase. 
A) A fixed amount of labeled antigen competes with unlabeled antigen from a patient specimen for a limited number of antibody-binding sites. 
B) The sample antigen binds to an antibody fixed onto a solid phase; a second antibody, labeled with a chemiluminescent label, binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase. 
C) A fixed amount of labeled antibody competes with unlabeled antibody from a patient specimen for a limited number of antigen-binding sites. 
D) The sample antibody binds to an antigen fixed onto a solid phase; a second antigen, labeled with a chemiluminescent label, binds to the antigen-antibody complex on the solid phase.

Question 18

The serologic method most widely used for the detection of diverse antibodies is

Accepted Answer

A) the direct immunofluorescent assay. 
B) the inhibition immunofluorescent assay. 
C) the indirect immunofluorescent assay. 
D) None of the above. 
A) the direct immunofluorescent assay. 
B) the inhibition immunofluorescent assay. 
C) the indirect immunofluorescent assay. 
D) None of the above.

Question 19

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with the appropriate description.
-Competitive EIA

Accepted Answer

A) The amount of color that develops in the reaction is inversely proportional to the amount of antibody. 
B) Antibody specific for immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG is attached to a solid-phase surface. 
C) A specific antigen is attached to a solid-phase surface. 
A) The amount of color that develops in the reaction is inversely proportional to the amount of antibody. 
B) Antibody specific for immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG is attached to a solid-phase surface. 
C) A specific antigen is attached to a solid-phase surface.

Question 20

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with the appropriate description.
-Capture EIA

Accepted Answer

A) The amount of color that develops in the reaction is inversely proportional to the amount of antibody. 
B) Antibody specific for immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG is attached to a solid-phase surface. 
C) A specific antigen is attached to a solid-phase surface. 
A) The amount of color that develops in the reaction is inversely proportional to the amount of antibody. 
B) Antibody specific for immunoglobulin M (IgM) or IgG is attached to a solid-phase surface. 
C) A specific antigen is attached to a solid-phase surface.

Exam 12: Labeling Techniques in Immunoassay

Match the assays and definitions. -Indirect immunofluorescent assay

Chemiluminescence refers to

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition. -Signal amplification technology

Magnetic labeling application uses

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with the appropriate description. -Noncompetitive EIA

Fluorescent molecules in immunofluorescent techniques are used as substitutes for

Match the assays and definitions. -Inhibition immunofluorescent assay

In a changing clinical environment, the indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) has been replaced with the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). A disadvantage of this trade-off to EIA is

FISH technology

An advantage of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) compared with radioimmunoassay (RIA) is

Match the following emerging technology with the appropriate definition. -Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

Match the assays and definitions. -Direct immunofluorescent assay

A fluorescent substance or dye absorbs light of one wavelength and emits light of another wavelength.

In fluorescent antibody microscopy using a fluorescent substance or dye, the incident light is infrared.

Indirect immunofluorescent assay (IFA) is widely used for the detection of

To be used for enzyme immunoassay (EIA), an enzyme must exhibit

Match the chemiluminescent format with the appropriate description. -Sandwich immunoassay

The serologic method most widely used for the detection of diverse antibodies is

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with the appropriate description. -Competitive EIA

Match the type of enzyme immunoassay (EIA) with the appropriate description. -Capture EIA

An Overview of Immunology

Antigens and Antibodies

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Granulocytes and Mononuclear Cells

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells

Soluble Mediators of the Immune System

Safety in the Immunology-Serology Laboratory

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Basic Serologic Laboratory Techniques

Rapid Testing

Precipitation and Particle Agglutination Methods

Electrophoresis Techniques

Flow Cytometry

Molecular Laboratory Techniques

Infectious Diseases: Traditional and Alternate Diagnostic Techniques

Streptococcal Infections

Syphilis

Vector-Borne Diseases

Toxoplasmosis

Cytomegalovirus

Infectious Mononucleosis

Viral Hepatitis

Rubella and Rubeola Infections

Primary and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Immunoproliferative Disorders

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Autoimmune Diseases

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Transplantation: Hla, Solid Organ, and Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Tumor Immunology and Up-To-Date Applications of Next-Generation Sequencing

Primer on Vaccines

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