Question 1

A microorganism can survive phagocytosis if it possesses a

Accepted Answer

A) cell membrane. 
B) capsule. 
C) slime layer. 
D) flagellum. 
A) cell membrane. 
B) capsule. 
C) slime layer. 
D) flagellum. B

Question 2

Match the microorganism with the appropriate procedural method (use an answer only once).
  
-Aspergillosis

Accepted Answer

A) Latex particle agglutination 
B) ImmunoCAP system 
C) Fungus media nucleic acid probe 
A) Latex particle agglutination 
B) ImmunoCAP system 
C) Fungus media nucleic acid probe B

Question 3

The TORCH immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG assay includes detection of all the following except

Accepted Answer

A) cytomegalovirus (CMV). 
B) Epstein-Barr virus. 
C) rubella. 
D) infectious mononucleosis. 
A) cytomegalovirus (CMV). 
B) Epstein-Barr virus. 
C) rubella. 
D) infectious mononucleosis. D

Question 4

Factors that can influence exposure to, or actual development of, an infectious disease include all the following factors except the

Accepted Answer

A) immune status of an individual. 
B) pathogenicity of the microbial agent. 
C) season of the year. 
D) appropriate portal of entry. 
A) immune status of an individual. 
B) pathogenicity of the microbial agent. 
C) season of the year. 
D) appropriate portal of entry.

Question 5

Immune responses to parasitic infection include

Accepted Answer

A) immunoglobulin production. 
B) antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity. 
C) cell defenses, such as eosinophils and T lymphocytes. 
D) All of the above. 
A) immunoglobulin production. 
B) antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity. 
C) cell defenses, such as eosinophils and T lymphocytes. 
D) All of the above.

Question 6

All the following are fungal diseases except

Accepted Answer

A) histoplasmosis. 
B) aspergillosis. 
C) toxoplasmosis. 
D) coccidioidomycosis. 
A) histoplasmosis. 
B) aspergillosis. 
C) toxoplasmosis. 
D) coccidioidomycosis.

Question 7

Fungal infections can be opportunistic infections in patients who:

Accepted Answer

A) have AIDS. 
B) are immunosuppressed with medications. 
C) are transplant patients receiving antirejection medicines. 
D) All of the above. 
A) have AIDS. 
B) are immunosuppressed with medications. 
C) are transplant patients receiving antirejection medicines. 
D) All of the above.

Question 8

Match the microorganism with the appropriate procedural method (use an answer only once).
  
-Sporotrichosis

Accepted Answer

A) Latex particle agglutination 
B) ImmunoCAP system 
C) Fungus media nucleic acid probe 
A) Latex particle agglutination 
B) ImmunoCAP system 
C) Fungus media nucleic acid probe

Question 9

The burden of adaptive immunity in preventing the spread of viruses rests on

Accepted Answer

A) macrophages. 
B) B lymphocytes. 
C) T lymphocytes. 
D) segmented polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). 
A) macrophages. 
B) B lymphocytes. 
C) T lymphocytes. 
D) segmented polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs).

Question 10

Match the infectious diseases with the appropriate description.
-Reactivation of the virus results in the characteristic clinical manifestation of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) The most common congenital virus infection 
B) A spectrum of congenital defects 
C) Hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification, and retinochoroiditis-the most common manifestations of tissue damage 
D) Sequelae of virus infection (include three distinct neurologic syndromes) 
A) The most common congenital virus infection 
B) A spectrum of congenital defects 
C) Hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification, and retinochoroiditis-the most common manifestations of tissue damage 
D) Sequelae of virus infection (include three distinct neurologic syndromes)

Question 11

Major immunologic defense mechanisms against bacteria include

Accepted Answer

A) lysozyme. 
B) phagocytosis. 
C) interferon production. 
D) Both A and B. 
A) lysozyme. 
B) phagocytosis. 
C) interferon production. 
D) Both A and B.

Question 12

Match the traditional immunohistochemistry technique with the correct characteristic.
-Direct Immunohistochemistry Protocol _____.

Accepted Answer

A) Labeled monospecific antibody is directly applied to the tissue section. 
B) A wide range of unlabeled primary antibodies is utilized. 
C) Antibody is conjugated with biotin, which amplifies staining. 
D) Labeling techniques include fluorescent compounds or enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase. 
A) Labeled monospecific antibody is directly applied to the tissue section. 
B) A wide range of unlabeled primary antibodies is utilized. 
C) Antibody is conjugated with biotin, which amplifies staining. 
D) Labeling techniques include fluorescent compounds or enzymes such as horseradish peroxidase or alkaline phosphatase.

Question 13

Match the infectious diseases with the appropriate description.
-Primary infection with the virus results in the clinical manifestations of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) The most common congenital virus infection 
B) A spectrum of congenital defects 
C) Hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification, and retinochoroiditis-the most common manifestations of tissue damage 
D) Sequelae of virus infection (include three distinct neurologic syndromes) 
A) The most common congenital virus infection 
B) A spectrum of congenital defects 
C) Hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification, and retinochoroiditis-the most common manifestations of tissue damage 
D) Sequelae of virus infection (include three distinct neurologic syndromes)

Question 14

Match the infectious diseases with the appropriate description.
-Toxoplasmosis

Accepted Answer

A) The most common congenital virus infection 
B) A spectrum of congenital defects 
C) Hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification, and retinochoroiditis-the most common manifestations of tissue damage 
D) Sequelae of virus infection (include three distinct neurologic syndromes) 
A) The most common congenital virus infection 
B) A spectrum of congenital defects 
C) Hydrocephalus, intracranial calcification, and retinochoroiditis-the most common manifestations of tissue damage 
D) Sequelae of virus infection (include three distinct neurologic syndromes)

Question 15

The most frequent manifestation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) is

Accepted Answer

A) a cold sore 
B) genital warts 
C) hives 
D) pimples 
A) a cold sore 
B) genital warts 
C) hives 
D) pimples

Question 16

A key immunologic substance against bacteria is

Accepted Answer

A) complement. 
B) interferon. 
C) lysozyme. 
D) interleukin. 
A) complement. 
B) interferon. 
C) lysozyme. 
D) interleukin.

Question 17

High levels of circulating ________ may cause hypersensitivity reactions in helminth and cestode infections.

Accepted Answer

A) IgM 
B) IgG 
C) IgD 
D) IgE 
A) IgM 
B) IgG 
C) IgD 
D) IgE

Question 18

Antibodies associated with body defenses against parasites include _______-type antibodies.

Accepted Answer

A) IgM 
B) IgG 
C) IgE 
D) Both B and C. 
A) IgM 
B) IgG 
C) IgE 
D) Both B and C.

Question 19

The incidence of antibody to herpes simplex virus (HSV) is __________ in adults of higher socioeconomic class compared with those in lower socioeconomic classes.

Accepted Answer

A) higher 
B) equal 
C) lower 
A) higher 
B) equal 
C) lower

Question 20

Survival mechanisms of fungi that successfully invade the body include:

Accepted Answer

A) the presence of an antiphagocytic capsule. 
B) resistance to digestion within macrophages. 
C) destruction of phagocytes (e.g., neutrophils). 
D) All of the above. 
A) the presence of an antiphagocytic capsule. 
B) resistance to digestion within macrophages. 
C) destruction of phagocytes (e.g., neutrophils). 
D) All of the above.

Exam 15: Infectious Diseases: Traditional and Alternate Diagnostic Techniques

A microorganism can survive phagocytosis if it possesses a

Match the microorganism with the appropriate procedural method (use an answer only once). -Aspergillosis

The TORCH immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG assay includes detection of all the following except

Factors that can influence exposure to, or actual development of, an infectious disease include all the following factors except the

Immune responses to parasitic infection include

All the following are fungal diseases except

Fungal infections can be opportunistic infections in patients who:

Match the microorganism with the appropriate procedural method (use an answer only once). -Sporotrichosis

The burden of adaptive immunity in preventing the spread of viruses rests on

Match the infectious diseases with the appropriate description. -Reactivation of the virus results in the characteristic clinical manifestation of __________.

Major immunologic defense mechanisms against bacteria include

Match the traditional immunohistochemistry technique with the correct characteristic. -Direct Immunohistochemistry Protocol _____.

Match the infectious diseases with the appropriate description. -Primary infection with the virus results in the clinical manifestations of __________.

Match the infectious diseases with the appropriate description. -Toxoplasmosis

The most frequent manifestation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) is

A key immunologic substance against bacteria is

High levels of circulating ________ may cause hypersensitivity reactions in helminth and cestode infections.

Antibodies associated with body defenses against parasites include _______-type antibodies.

The incidence of antibody to herpes simplex virus (HSV) is __________ in adults of higher socioeconomic class compared with those in lower socioeconomic classes.

Survival mechanisms of fungi that successfully invade the body include:

An Overview of Immunology

Antigens and Antibodies

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Granulocytes and Mononuclear Cells

Cells and Cellular Activities of the Immune System: Lymphocytes and Plasma Cells

Soluble Mediators of the Immune System

Safety in the Immunology-Serology Laboratory

Quality Assurance and Quality Control

Basic Serologic Laboratory Techniques

Rapid Testing

Precipitation and Particle Agglutination Methods

Electrophoresis Techniques

Labeling Techniques in Immunoassay

Flow Cytometry

Molecular Laboratory Techniques

Streptococcal Infections

Syphilis

Vector-Borne Diseases

Toxoplasmosis

Cytomegalovirus

Infectious Mononucleosis

Viral Hepatitis

Rubella and Rubeola Infections

Primary and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

Hypersensitivity Reactions

Immunoproliferative Disorders

Tolerance, Autoimmunity, and Autoimmune Diseases

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Transplantation: Hla, Solid Organ, and Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Tumor Immunology and Up-To-Date Applications of Next-Generation Sequencing

Primer on Vaccines

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