Exam 2: Chemical Basis of Life

Consider the chemical reaction: H ₂SO ₄ → HSO ₄ ^- + H ⁺. In this reaction, is H ₂SO ₄ an acid or a base?

The first (innermost) electron shell of an atom can hold a maximum of __________ electrons.

Adding a(an) __________ to a solution will cause the pH of the solution to decrease.

A __________ is a substance that dissolves in another substance, called the __________.

X + Y → XYThis reaction is an example of a(n) _____________ reaction.

What type of organic compound will have amino groups, carboxyl groups, and R groups?

Steroid molecules consist of four connected rings of carbon atoms.

Inorganic substances called __________ dissociate in water, releasing ions.

What is the atomic number for an atom with 12 protons and 11 neutrons?

When two pairs of electrons are shared, the resulting bond is called a double covalent bond.

A primary, secondary, and tertiary structure describe the structure of what type of organic compound?

Within a solution, buffers combine with hydrogen ions when H ⁺ ions are in excess or they donate hydroxide ions when H ⁺ ions are depleted.

Protons and electrons are similar in size.

The order of amino acids within a polypeptide chain makes up the __________ structure of the molecule.

Ninety-five percent (95%) of the human body (by weight) is made up of what four elements?

Particles within an atom called __________ lack an electrical charge.

What is indicated by the formula H ₂O?

The atomic weight of an atom of an element equals the number of neutrons in its nucleus.

Which atom will become a positively charged ion?

Within a water molecule, the shared electrons forming the bonds between the hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom spend more time at the oxygen end of the molecule than at the hydrogen end. These are examples of __________ bonds.