Question 1

Which of the following is most likely to cause polyuria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oversecretion of aldosterone 
B)  Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
C)  Deficiency of ADH 
D)  Activation of angiotensinogen 
A)  Oversecretion of aldosterone 
B)  Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) 
C)  Deficiency of ADH 
D)  Activation of angiotensinogen

Question 2

Which of the following is false with regard to normal urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Normal urine has E. coli as part of its normal flora. 
B)  Urinary tract infections are more common in alkaline urine than in acid urine. 
C)  Urine does not contain glucose. 
D)  Urine does not contain significant amounts of albumin. 
A)  Normal urine has E. coli as part of its normal flora. 
B)  Urinary tract infections are more common in alkaline urine than in acid urine. 
C)  Urine does not contain glucose. 
D)  Urine does not contain significant amounts of albumin.

Question 3

Renal failure causes anemia because of

Accepted Answer

A)  a lack of erythropoietin. 
B)  gross hematuria. 
C)  uremia-induced hemolysis. 
D)  uremia-induced hypokalemia. 
A)  a lack of erythropoietin. 
B)  gross hematuria. 
C)  uremia-induced hemolysis. 
D)  uremia-induced hypokalemia.

Question 4

Which of the following is true of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is secreted by the adrenal medulla 
B)  Stimulates the distal tubule to reabsorb Na+ 
C)  Stimulates the proximal tubule to reabsorb K+ 
D)  Works on the collecting duct membrane to determine membrane permeability to water 
A)  Is secreted by the adrenal medulla 
B)  Stimulates the distal tubule to reabsorb Na+ 
C)  Stimulates the proximal tubule to reabsorb K+ 
D)  Works on the collecting duct membrane to determine membrane permeability to water

Question 5

A severe decline in blood pressure is most apt to induce

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  osmotic diuresis. 
C)  oliguria. 
D)  hematuria. 
A)  respiratory acidosis. 
B)  osmotic diuresis. 
C)  oliguria. 
D)  hematuria.

Question 6

Which of the following is absorbed across the walls of the collecting duct under the influence of ADH?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium 
B)  Urea 
C)  Water 
D)  Albumin 
A)  Potassium 
B)  Urea 
C)  Water 
D)  Albumin

Question 7

The calyces receive urine from the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  collecting ducts. 
C)  glomeruli. 
D)  peritubular capillaries. 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  collecting ducts. 
C)  glomeruli. 
D)  peritubular capillaries.

Question 8

Which of the following urine-making processes occurs first?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urine concentration by the collecting ducts 
B)  Glomerular filtration 
C)  Reabsorption of Na+ 
D)  Secretion of K+ 
A)  Urine concentration by the collecting ducts 
B)  Glomerular filtration 
C)  Reabsorption of Na+ 
D)  Secretion of K+

Question 9

Angiotensin II

Accepted Answer

A)  causes vasodilation. 
B)  is secreted by the JGA. 
C)  elevates blood pressure. 
D)  activates angiotensinogen. 
A)  causes vasodilation. 
B)  is secreted by the JGA. 
C)  elevates blood pressure. 
D)  activates angiotensinogen.

Question 10

Creatinine is

Accepted Answer

A)  completely reabsorbed by the peritubular capillaries. 
B)  a waste product that is filtered and not reabsorbed. 
C)  a renal enzyme that activates angiotensinogen. 
D)  a renal hormone that stimulates red blood cell production by the bone marrow. 
A)  completely reabsorbed by the peritubular capillaries. 
B)  a waste product that is filtered and not reabsorbed. 
C)  a renal enzyme that activates angiotensinogen. 
D)  a renal hormone that stimulates red blood cell production by the bone marrow.

Question 11

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Accepted Answer

A)  reabsorbs K+ and eliminates Na+ in the urine. 
B)  causes albuminuria. 
C)  expands blood volume. 
D)  causes hematuria. 
A)  reabsorbs K+ and eliminates Na+ in the urine. 
B)  causes albuminuria. 
C)  expands blood volume. 
D)  causes hematuria.

Question 12

Albuminuria and generalized edema (anasarca)are usually accompanied by

Accepted Answer

A)  cystitis. 
B)  hypoalbuminemia. 
C)  glucosuria. 
D)  pyuria. 
A)  cystitis. 
B)  hypoalbuminemia. 
C)  glucosuria. 
D)  pyuria.

Question 13

The word voiding refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  urine formation. 
B)  catheterization. 
C)  micturition. 
D)  cystitis. 
A)  urine formation. 
B)  catheterization. 
C)  micturition. 
D)  cystitis.

Question 14

Most tubular reabsorption takes place

Accepted Answer

A)  across the glomerular membrane. 
B)  in response to aldosterone. 
C)  in response to ADH. 
D)  across the proximal tubule. 
A)  across the glomerular membrane. 
B)  in response to aldosterone. 
C)  in response to ADH. 
D)  across the proximal tubule.

Question 15

Which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  One kidney 
B)  One ureter 
C)  Two urinary bladders 
D)  One urethra 
A)  One kidney 
B)  One ureter 
C)  Two urinary bladders 
D)  One urethra

Question 16

The efferent arterioles extend to become the

Accepted Answer

A)  peritubular capillaries. 
B)  afferent arterioles. 
C)  glomeruli. 
D)  renal artery. 
A)  peritubular capillaries. 
B)  afferent arterioles. 
C)  glomeruli. 
D)  renal artery.

Question 17

The renal capsule

Accepted Answer

A)  lines the tubules. 
B)  lines the urinary bladder. 
C)  surrounds the kidneys. 
D)  outlines the trigone. 
A)  lines the tubules. 
B)  lines the urinary bladder. 
C)  surrounds the kidneys. 
D)  outlines the trigone.

Question 18

Glucose is not normally excreted in the urine because

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose cannot be filtered. 
B)  all filtered glucose is reabsorbed. 
C)  glucose is used up by the metabolizing nephron units. 
D)  glucose is converted to ammonia in the distal tubule and excreted as urea. 
A)  glucose cannot be filtered. 
B)  all filtered glucose is reabsorbed. 
C)  glucose is used up by the metabolizing nephron units. 
D)  glucose is converted to ammonia in the distal tubule and excreted as urea.

Question 19

Albuminuria is most indicative of

Accepted Answer

A)  an enlarged pore size of the collecting duct membrane. 
B)  urinary incontinence. 
C)  increased pore size of the glomeruli 
D)  a deficiency of ADH and/or aldosterone. 
A)  an enlarged pore size of the collecting duct membrane. 
B)  urinary incontinence. 
C)  increased pore size of the glomeruli 
D)  a deficiency of ADH and/or aldosterone.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of aldosterone?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is an androgen. 
B)  It is the "salt-retaining" hormone. 
C)  It causes the tubular reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and water. 
D)  All of the above are true. 
A)  It is an androgen. 
B)  It is the "salt-retaining" hormone. 
C)  It causes the tubular reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and water. 
D)  All of the above are true.

Exam 24: Urinary System

Which of the following is most likely to cause polyuria?

Which of the following is false with regard to normal urine?

Renal failure causes anemia because of

Which of the following is true of aldosterone?

A severe decline in blood pressure is most apt to induce

Which of the following is absorbed across the walls of the collecting duct under the influence of ADH?

The calyces receive urine from the

Which of the following urine-making processes occurs first?

Angiotensin II

Creatinine is

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Albuminuria and generalized edema (anasarca)are usually accompanied by

The word voiding refers to

Most tubular reabsorption takes place

Which of the following is correct?

The efferent arterioles extend to become the

The renal capsule

Glucose is not normally excreted in the urine because

Albuminuria is most indicative of

Which of the following is true of aldosterone?

Introduction to the Human Body

Basic Chemistry

Cells

Cell Metabolism

Microbiology Basics

Tissues and Membranes

Integumentary System and Body Temperature

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System: Nervous Tissue and Brain

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory System

Endocrine System

Blood

Anatomy of the Heart

Function of the Heart

Anatomy of the Blood Vessels

Functions of the Blood Vessels

Lymphatic System

Immune System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive Systems

Human Development and Heredity

Filters