Question 1

What part of the nephron unit filters 180 L of water per day?

Accepted Answer

A)  Peritubular capillaries 
B)  Glomeruli 
C)  Calyces 
D)  Trigone 
A)  Peritubular capillaries 
B)  Glomeruli 
C)  Calyces 
D)  Trigone

Question 2

Renin

Accepted Answer

A)  is a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. 
B)  is called converting enzyme. 
C)  activates angiotensinogen. 
D)  Two of the above are true. 
A)  is a hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. 
B)  is called converting enzyme. 
C)  activates angiotensinogen. 
D)  Two of the above are true.

Question 3

Which of the following is handled by the kidneys as either urea or ammonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon dioxide 
B)  Creatinine 
C)  Nitrogen 
D)  Glucose 
A)  Carbon dioxide 
B)  Creatinine 
C)  Nitrogen 
D)  Glucose

Question 4

The proximal convoluted tubules extend to become the

Accepted Answer

A)  peritubular capillaries. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  descending limb (loop of Henle). 
D)  glomeruli. 
A)  peritubular capillaries. 
B)  collecting duct. 
C)  descending limb (loop of Henle). 
D)  glomeruli.

Question 5

The internal and external sphincters are associated with (the)

Accepted Answer

A)  renal pelvis. 
B)  Bowman's capsule. 
C)  juxtaglomerular apparatus. 
D)  urinary bladder. 
A)  renal pelvis. 
B)  Bowman's capsule. 
C)  juxtaglomerular apparatus. 
D)  urinary bladder.

Question 6

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Accepted Answer

A)  secretes angiotensin in response to a decline in blood pressure. 
B)  is located within the walls of the collecting ducts. 
C)  secretes aldosterone. 
D)  is a blood pressure regulating structure. 
A)  secretes angiotensin in response to a decline in blood pressure. 
B)  is located within the walls of the collecting ducts. 
C)  secretes aldosterone. 
D)  is a blood pressure regulating structure.

Question 7

Most diuretics work by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing blood flow to the kidneys. 
B)  increasing the urge to urinate. 
C)  stimulating the contraction of the detrusor muscle. 
D)  blocking the tubular reabsorption of Na+. 
A)  increasing blood flow to the kidneys. 
B)  increasing the urge to urinate. 
C)  stimulating the contraction of the detrusor muscle. 
D)  blocking the tubular reabsorption of Na+.

Question 8

The urinary tract is lined with

Accepted Answer

A)  serous membrane. 
B)  the renal capsule. 
C)  mucous membrane. 
D)  tubular epithelium. 
A)  serous membrane. 
B)  the renal capsule. 
C)  mucous membrane. 
D)  tubular epithelium.

Question 9

Which of the following is found in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  Detrusor muscle 
B)  Trigone 
C)  Nephron units 
D)  Urethra 
A)  Detrusor muscle 
B)  Trigone 
C)  Nephron units 
D)  Urethra

Question 10

An elevated serum creatinine level is most indicative of

Accepted Answer

A)  urinary retention. 
B)  declining renal function. 
C)  urinary bladder infection. 
D)  renal calculi. 
A)  urinary retention. 
B)  declining renal function. 
C)  urinary bladder infection. 
D)  renal calculi.

Question 11

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)  depletes blood volume. 
B)  causes potassium reabsorption. 
C)  causes sodium excretion. 
D)  causes Na+ and water reabsorption. 
A)  depletes blood volume. 
B)  causes potassium reabsorption. 
C)  causes sodium excretion. 
D)  causes Na+ and water reabsorption.

Question 12

The detrusor muscle is concerned with

Accepted Answer

A)  urine formation. 
B)  micturition. 
C)  sodium reabsorption. 
D)  potassium excretion. 
A)  urine formation. 
B)  micturition. 
C)  sodium reabsorption. 
D)  potassium excretion.

Question 13

Kaliuresis refers to the renal excretion of

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium. 
B)  bicarbonate. 
C)  water. 
D)  potassium. 
A)  sodium. 
B)  bicarbonate. 
C)  water. 
D)  potassium.

Question 14

ADH exerts its effects primarily on the

Accepted Answer

A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  afferent arteriole. 
C)  collecting duct. 
D)  renal pelvis. 
A)  proximal convoluted tubule. 
B)  afferent arteriole. 
C)  collecting duct. 
D)  renal pelvis.

Question 15

Low levels of oxygen stimulate the kidneys to secrete which hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)  Renin 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Erythropoietin 
D)  Converting enzyme 
A)  Renin 
B)  Aldosterone 
C)  Erythropoietin 
D)  Converting enzyme

Question 16

Which of the following is true of dehydration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Is characterized by poor skin turgor and "tenting" 
B)  Is accompanied by a decrease in urine specific gravity 
C)  Causes a shift of water from the vasculature into the interstitium 
D)  Is generally treated with a diuretic 
A)  Is characterized by poor skin turgor and "tenting" 
B)  Is accompanied by a decrease in urine specific gravity 
C)  Causes a shift of water from the vasculature into the interstitium 
D)  Is generally treated with a diuretic

Question 17

Hyperkalemia

Accepted Answer

A)  causes blood volume expansion and hypertension. 
B)  refers to an elevation in serum potassium. 
C)  is uncomfortable but never serious. 
D)  is due to an accumulation of urea in the blood. 
A)  causes blood volume expansion and hypertension. 
B)  refers to an elevation in serum potassium. 
C)  is uncomfortable but never serious. 
D)  is due to an accumulation of urea in the blood.

Question 18

Which of the following is caused by prolonged hypotension?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oliguria 
B)  Albuminuria 
C)  Cystitis 
D)  Glomerulonephritis 
A)  Oliguria 
B)  Albuminuria 
C)  Cystitis 
D)  Glomerulonephritis

Question 19

What happens at the glomerular membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water and dissolved solute are filtered into Bowman's capsule. 
B)  The JGA cells release ADH. 
C)  The JGA cells release aldosterone. 
D)  Na+ is reabsorbed. 
A)  Water and dissolved solute are filtered into Bowman's capsule. 
B)  The JGA cells release ADH. 
C)  The JGA cells release aldosterone. 
D)  Na+ is reabsorbed.

Question 20

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)  is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. 
B)  acts on the collecting duct blocking the reabsorption of water. 
C)  stimulates the reabsorption of water but has no effect on potassium. 
D)  is a mineralocorticoid that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium. 
A)  is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. 
B)  acts on the collecting duct blocking the reabsorption of water. 
C)  stimulates the reabsorption of water but has no effect on potassium. 
D)  is a mineralocorticoid that stimulates the reabsorption of sodium.

Exam 24: Urinary System

What part of the nephron unit filters 180 L of water per day?

Renin

Which of the following is handled by the kidneys as either urea or ammonia?

The proximal convoluted tubules extend to become the

The internal and external sphincters are associated with (the)

The juxtaglomerular apparatus

Most diuretics work by

The urinary tract is lined with

Which of the following is found in the kidney?

An elevated serum creatinine level is most indicative of

Aldosterone

The detrusor muscle is concerned with

Kaliuresis refers to the renal excretion of

ADH exerts its effects primarily on the

Low levels of oxygen stimulate the kidneys to secrete which hormone?

Which of the following is true of dehydration?

Hyperkalemia

Which of the following is caused by prolonged hypotension?

What happens at the glomerular membrane?

Aldosterone

Introduction to the Human Body

Basic Chemistry

Cells

Cell Metabolism

Microbiology Basics

Tissues and Membranes

Integumentary System and Body Temperature

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System: Nervous Tissue and Brain

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory System

Endocrine System

Blood

Anatomy of the Heart

Function of the Heart

Anatomy of the Blood Vessels

Functions of the Blood Vessels

Lymphatic System

Immune System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Water, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

Reproductive Systems

Human Development and Heredity

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