Exam 3: Theories of International Decision Making

The one idea which never emerged from Germany's six twentieth-century foreign policies was____________________.

Which of the following is a state attribute that can shape its foreign policy?

The concept referring to the growing need for national policy makers to make decisions that will meet both domestic and foreign goals is called

There are numerous constraints on the foreign policy making process. What are they? Which are the most important? Give an example of when they adversely affected foreign policy.

Describe the pros and cons of the bureaucratic politics model. Be sure to include discussions of standard operating procedures and multiple advocacy.

Former assistant secretary of state Abramowitz explained the 9/11 attack as a product of

Economists explain externalities as ______________.

The impact of individual leaders is often tempered by ____________________, or the dominant cultural norms assumed to influence the behavior of people living in particular periods.

The degree with which nations cluster around the powerful nations is known as polarization.

One of the criticisms of the Bureaucratic Politics Model (BPM) is that

How did Richard Nixon handle criticism of his foreign policy choices with the public compared to John F. Kennedy? What factor did the zeitgeist or the larger forces of the period have in their decision making?

Explain how the decision was made by the Bush administration to go to war against Iraq in 2003, given the rational choice model. Were there any obstacles to the implementation of this model?

Define the history-making individual's model of decision making and give examples.

The habit of attaching leaders' names to foreign policies, such as the Nixon Doctrine, Reagan Doctrine, or the Bush Doctrine is an example of the ________ model of policy decision making.

Robert Putnam's analogy of a two-level game states that policymakers must consider both the domestic factors in formulating foreign policy and the impact of foreign policy on domestic constituencies.

The idea that people are "risk adverse"- that is, they are more concerned with potential loss than gain is associated with

The factors that shape states' foreign policies can be categorized at three basic levels. At the global level are those features of the international system that condition the kinds of choices a leader is likely to make. At the state level are internal or domestic influences. At the individual level are the characteristics of the leader in power. All three levels of influence simultaneously affect decisions, but their relative influence usually depends on the situation at the time of decision. Write an in which you compare the relative influence of factors at each level in crisis versus non-crisis situations.

The hypothesis that leaders sometimes initiate conflicts abroad as a way of increasing domestic support and to divert attention away from domestic problems is known as ______________________________.

The more economically developed a state is, the more likely it is to remain an isolationist and to seek to avoid getting involved in disputes outside of its borders.

Which of the following is not true of democratic societies and foreign policy decision making?