Exam 10: The Globalization of International Finance

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____________________ is the selling of one currency (or product) and purchase of another to make a profit on changing exchange rates.

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Arbitrage

Globalization has caused an explosion in the volume of financial transactions that occur every day. What are the factors that contributed to this increase in volume? What are the potential positive and negative effects of the globalization of finance?

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The increase in the volume of financial transactions can be attributed to several factors that have been brought about by globalization. Firstly, advancements in technology have made it easier for individuals and businesses to engage in financial transactions across borders. This has led to an increase in the number of transactions taking place on a daily basis.

Additionally, the liberalization of financial markets and the removal of barriers to trade and investment have also contributed to the increase in financial transactions. This has allowed for easier access to international markets and has led to a surge in cross-border investments and capital flows.

The potential positive effects of the globalization of finance include increased economic growth and development, as well as greater access to capital for businesses and individuals. It can also lead to greater efficiency in the allocation of resources and the diversification of risk.

However, there are also potential negative effects to consider. Globalization can lead to increased financial instability and vulnerability to economic crises, as seen in the 2008 global financial crisis. It can also exacerbate income inequality and lead to the exploitation of developing countries by more powerful financial institutions.

In conclusion, while the globalization of finance has led to an explosion in the volume of financial transactions, it is important to carefully consider both the positive and negative effects in order to ensure that the benefits are maximized and the risks are mitigated.

Commercial liberalism is an economic philosophy that advocates free markets, open trade, and free flowing capital.

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The study of the relationship between geography and the economic conditions and behavior of states that define their levels of production, trade, and consumption of goods and services is the field of ____________________.

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____________________ is an economic theory advocating free markets and the removal of barriers to the flow of trade and capital as a locomotive for prosperity.

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What important concession did Great Britain win support for at the Bretton Woods conference?

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A government can control the value of its currency by

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A ____________________ is the kind of system constructed by the European Union when it created the single European currency, the euro.

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What is the outcome of very high inflation or hyperinflation?

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The lessons learned from the global economic collapse of the 1930s included

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What is "dollar convertibility"?

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Monetary policy affects two main economic variables: the supply of money in circulation and interest rates.

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When the United States government backed up the dollar with gold, it was known as arbitrage.

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Explain the derivatives market.

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Under a system of fixed exchange rates, the international market determines the value of a country's currency.

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The "balance of payments" is a calculation summarizing a country's financial transactions with the external world.

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Describe the economic crisis of 2008. Describe the four stages of the crisis. What have been the impacts of the crisis? How has the crisis called into question the free market-oriented "Washington Consensus" that has dominated since World War II? How have the powerful countries dealt with the crisis?

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The Bretton Woods conference at the end of World War II attempted to create a reliable mechanism for determining the value of countries' currencies in relation to one another.

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Governmental policy tools for managing economies including taxation and spending is called __________ .

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____________________is (are) the result of an unmanaged process where market forces and private investors, rather than governments, influence the relative rate of exchange for currencies between countries.

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