Question 1

Which group of organisms is difficult to control through immunization because of their rapid and unpredictable genetic mutations?

Accepted Answer

A)  vector-borne organisms 
B)  RNA viruses 
C)  Archaea 
D)  DNA viruses 
A)  vector-borne organisms 
B)  RNA viruses 
C)  Archaea 
D)  DNA viruses

Question 2

Which of the following are NOT vectors important in disease transmission?

Accepted Answer

A)  fomites 
B)  insects 
C)  ticks 
D)  rodents 
A)  fomites 
B)  insects 
C)  ticks 
D)  rodents

Question 3

Which of the following shows the correct relationship among the epidemiology terms listed?

Accepted Answer

A)  prevalence > incidence > mortality 
B)  incidence > prevalence > mortality 
C)  mortality > morbidity > prevalence 
D)  mortality > incidence > prevalence 
A)  prevalence > incidence > mortality 
B)  incidence > prevalence > mortality 
C)  mortality > morbidity > prevalence 
D)  mortality > incidence > prevalence

Question 4

The number of ill individuals within a population is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  morbidity. 
B)  mortality. 
C)  residency. 
D)  prevalence. 
A)  morbidity. 
B)  mortality. 
C)  residency. 
D)  prevalence.

Question 5

A disease that is constantly present in low numbers is called an acute disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

To control a disease in a population, 100% immunization is necessary.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Influenza pandemics occur cyclically because

Accepted Answer

A)  less than 100% of the population is immunized. 
B)  new strains emerge due to reassortment between bird, swine, and human variants. 
C)  the vector is seasonal. 
D)  there are environmental reservoirs that release the virus during particular seasons. 
A)  less than 100% of the population is immunized. 
B)  new strains emerge due to reassortment between bird, swine, and human variants. 
C)  the vector is seasonal. 
D)  there are environmental reservoirs that release the virus during particular seasons.

Question 8

Why are diseases such as rabies that have a wild animal reservoir so difficult to eradicate while other diseases such as brucellosis that reside in domestic animals have been virtually eradicated.

Accepted Answer

The eradication of a disease requires th

Question 9

Potential candidates for biological warfare

Accepted Answer

A)  are generally gram-negative rather than gram-positive. 
B)  can be virtually any pathogenic bacterium or virus. 
C)  are eukaryotic rather than prokaryotic. 
D)  must be genetically engineered to be effective. 
A)  are generally gram-negative rather than gram-positive. 
B)  can be virtually any pathogenic bacterium or virus. 
C)  are eukaryotic rather than prokaryotic. 
D)  must be genetically engineered to be effective.

Question 10

Filoviruses (such as Ebola virus) that cause severe hemorrhagic fevers generally have high ________ but low ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  incidence / prevalence 
B)  prevalence / mortality 
C)  mortality / morbidity 
D)  morbidity / mortality 
A)  incidence / prevalence 
B)  prevalence / mortality 
C)  mortality / morbidity 
D)  morbidity / mortality

Question 11

What is a/are potential reservoir(s) for the rabies virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  insects 
C)  bats 
D)  fomites 
A)  water 
B)  insects 
C)  bats 
D)  fomites

Question 12

Explain the concept of coevolution in terms of host-pathogen interactions.

Accepted Answer

The host and pathogen both evolve and af

Question 13

Food and water are considered disease vehicles.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The lower the basic reproduction number of a pathogen, the higher the percentage of immune individuals necessary to provide herd immunity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

What measures would be taken if a case of smallpox were recognized in a world traveler after the individual had debarked from Heathrow airport in England following several days of sightseeing in London?

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization (WHO) woul

Question 16

Based on knowing the history of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and of efforts to track its spread, you can conclude that it is likely that the incidence of HIV/AIDS among transfusion recipients has

Accepted Answer

A)  increased since the discovery of HIV. 
B)  decreased since the discovery of HIV. 
C)  remained the same since the discovery of HIV. 
D)  never been more than a few individuals per year. 
A)  increased since the discovery of HIV. 
B)  decreased since the discovery of HIV. 
C)  remained the same since the discovery of HIV. 
D)  never been more than a few individuals per year.

Question 17

Over time, the relationship between a pathogen and a naïve susceptible population tends towards

Accepted Answer

A)  the extinction of the host. 
B)  the extinction of the pathogen. 
C)  a balance between host and pathogen such that both are maintained. 
D)  the extinction of either the host or the pathogen. 
A)  the extinction of the host. 
B)  the extinction of the pathogen. 
C)  a balance between host and pathogen such that both are maintained. 
D)  the extinction of either the host or the pathogen.

Question 18

Upper respiratory infectious agents are commonly transmitted from person to person.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Changes in food processing and distribution can increase the incidence of new and emerging diseases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Influenza pandemics occur periodically due to characteristics of the influenza virus. How did these characteristics, in this case of the H1N1 strain, contribute to the spread of the swine flu pandemic in 2009?

Accepted Answer

A)  The H1N1 virus had a mutation that increased the mortality associated with infection. 
B)  The H1N1 virus had a mutation that increased the basic reproduction number of the virus. 
C)  The H1N1 virus underwent a significant antigenic shift compared to other circulating strains of influenza. 
D)  The H1N1 virus acquired a new gene from pigs that resulted in increased virulence. 
A)  The H1N1 virus had a mutation that increased the mortality associated with infection. 
B)  The H1N1 virus had a mutation that increased the basic reproduction number of the virus. 
C)  The H1N1 virus underwent a significant antigenic shift compared to other circulating strains of influenza. 
D)  The H1N1 virus acquired a new gene from pigs that resulted in increased virulence.

Exam 29: Epidemiology

Which group of organisms is difficult to control through immunization because of their rapid and unpredictable genetic mutations?

Which of the following are NOT vectors important in disease transmission?

Which of the following shows the correct relationship among the epidemiology terms listed?

The number of ill individuals within a population is referred to as

A disease that is constantly present in low numbers is called an acute disease.

To control a disease in a population, 100% immunization is necessary.

Influenza pandemics occur cyclically because

Why are diseases such as rabies that have a wild animal reservoir so difficult to eradicate while other diseases such as brucellosis that reside in domestic animals have been virtually eradicated.

Potential candidates for biological warfare

Filoviruses (such as Ebola virus) that cause severe hemorrhagic fevers generally have high ________ but low ________.

What is a/are potential reservoir(s) for the rabies virus?

Explain the concept of coevolution in terms of host-pathogen interactions.

Food and water are considered disease vehicles.

The lower the basic reproduction number of a pathogen, the higher the percentage of immune individuals necessary to provide herd immunity.

What measures would be taken if a case of smallpox were recognized in a world traveler after the individual had debarked from Heathrow airport in England following several days of sightseeing in London?

Based on knowing the history of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, and of efforts to track its spread, you can conclude that it is likely that the incidence of HIV/AIDS among transfusion recipients has

Over time, the relationship between a pathogen and a naïve susceptible population tends towards

Upper respiratory infectious agents are commonly transmitted from person to person.

Changes in food processing and distribution can increase the incidence of new and emerging diseases.

Influenza pandemics occur periodically due to characteristics of the influenza virus. How did these characteristics, in this case of the H1N1 strain, contribute to the spread of the swine flu pandemic in 2009?

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

Filters

Filoviruses (such as Ebola virus) that cause severe hemorrhagic fevers generally have high but low .