Question 1

Nonencapsulated strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are highly virulent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Which of the following interact with toll-like receptors (TLRs)?

Accepted Answer

A)  bacterial LPS 
B)  immunoglobulins 
C)  major histocompatibility complex proteins 
D)  none of these 
A)  bacterial LPS 
B)  immunoglobulins 
C)  major histocompatibility complex proteins 
D)  none of these

Question 3

Briefly describe classical complement activation and cell damage.

Accepted Answer

Classical activation of complement occur

Question 4

Blood and lymph have the following in common EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleated cells. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  red blood cells. 
D)  none of these. 
A)  nucleated cells. 
B)  proteins. 
C)  red blood cells. 
D)  none of these.

Question 5

How do NK cells discriminate between normal, healthy cells and virus-infected or tumor cells?

Accepted Answer

NK cells use special MHCI receptors to r

Question 6

Signal transduction pathways initiate activation of transcription after specific

Accepted Answer

A)  TH cell death. 
B)  ligand-receptor binding on the cell surface. 
C)  cytokines diffuse across the cytoplasmic membrane. 
D)  antigen-antibody binding. 
A)  TH cell death. 
B)  ligand-receptor binding on the cell surface. 
C)  cytokines diffuse across the cytoplasmic membrane. 
D)  antigen-antibody binding.

Question 7

Erythrocytes are the most numerous cells in human blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In adaptive immunity, pathogen specific receptors are produced in large numbers only after exposure to the pathogen or its products.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

The PAMP recognized by mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is the sugar mannose, found as a repeating subunit in

Accepted Answer

A)  human mucus. 
B)  lymphocyte receptors. 
C)  bacterial polysaccharides. 
D)  bacterial proteins. 
A)  human mucus. 
B)  lymphocyte receptors. 
C)  bacterial polysaccharides. 
D)  bacterial proteins.

Question 10

Some of the cytokines produced by lymphocytes are called

Accepted Answer

A)  interleukins. 
B)  pathogen recognition receptors. 
C)  complement. 
D)  epitopes. 
A)  interleukins. 
B)  pathogen recognition receptors. 
C)  complement. 
D)  epitopes.

Question 11

Monocytes and granulocytes are the two lineages of myeloid cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

PRRs were FIRST observed in phagocytes in Drosophila (where they are called Toll receptors).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

All gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharides in their outer membranes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Explain why an individual lymphocyte clone that interacts with a specific LPS constituent of Salmonella will not react with the LPS of other bacteria.

Accepted Answer

The adaptive response is inducible only

Question 15

Pattern recognition receptors are most directly used

Accepted Answer

A)  by granulocytes to trigger degranulation. 
B)  by neutrophils to detect self tissues. 
C)  by phagocytes to detect pathogens. 
D)  by B cells to produce antibodies. 
A)  by granulocytes to trigger degranulation. 
B)  by neutrophils to detect self tissues. 
C)  by phagocytes to detect pathogens. 
D)  by B cells to produce antibodies.

Question 16

C-reactive protein is a

Accepted Answer

A)  pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). 
B)  homotrimeric adaptor protein. 
C)  lipoprotein. 
D)  pattern recognition receptor (PRR). 
A)  pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). 
B)  homotrimeric adaptor protein. 
C)  lipoprotein. 
D)  pattern recognition receptor (PRR).

Question 17

Adaptive immune responses are directed at pathogen molecules called

Accepted Answer

A)  antigens. 
B)  antibodies. 
C)  T-cell receptors. 
D)  PAMP. 
A)  antigens. 
B)  antibodies. 
C)  T-cell receptors. 
D)  PAMP.

Question 18

Which of the following are NOT phagocytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  dendritic cells 
B)  monocytes 
C)  neutrophils 
D)  erythrocytes 
A)  dendritic cells 
B)  monocytes 
C)  neutrophils 
D)  erythrocytes

Question 19

Fever is induced at the systemic level by ________, which is an endogenous pyrogen.

Accepted Answer

A)  CXCL8 
B)  IL-12 
C)  IL-6 
D)  CCL2 
A)  CXCL8 
B)  IL-12 
C)  IL-6 
D)  CCL2

Question 20

The primary function of a phagocyte is to

Accepted Answer

A)  destroy pathogens. 
B)  engulf pathogens. 
C)  evade pathogens. 
D)  both engulf and destroy pathogens. 
A)  destroy pathogens. 
B)  engulf pathogens. 
C)  evade pathogens. 
D)  both engulf and destroy pathogens.

Exam 26: Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Nonencapsulated strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae are highly virulent.

Which of the following interact with toll-like receptors (TLRs)?

Briefly describe classical complement activation and cell damage.

Blood and lymph have the following in common EXCEPT

How do NK cells discriminate between normal, healthy cells and virus-infected or tumor cells?

Signal transduction pathways initiate activation of transcription after specific

Erythrocytes are the most numerous cells in human blood.

In adaptive immunity, pathogen specific receptors are produced in large numbers only after exposure to the pathogen or its products.

The PAMP recognized by mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is the sugar mannose, found as a repeating subunit in

Some of the cytokines produced by lymphocytes are called

Monocytes and granulocytes are the two lineages of myeloid cells.

PRRs were FIRST observed in phagocytes in Drosophila (where they are called Toll receptors).

All gram-negative bacteria have lipopolysaccharides in their outer membranes.

Explain why an individual lymphocyte clone that interacts with a specific LPS constituent of Salmonella will not react with the LPS of other bacteria.

Pattern recognition receptors are most directly used

C-reactive protein is a

Adaptive immune responses are directed at pathogen molecules called

Which of the following are NOT phagocytes?

Fever is induced at the systemic level by ________, which is an endogenous pyrogen.

The primary function of a phagocyte is to

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

Filters