Question 1

Which of the following is a category of exotoxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  cytolytic toxin 
B)  lipophilic toxin 
C)  α-toxin 
D)  β-toxin 
A)  cytolytic toxin 
B)  lipophilic toxin 
C)  α-toxin 
D)  β-toxin

Question 2

Pathogenicity is the ability

Accepted Answer

A)  of the host to inflict damage on the pathogen. 
B)  of the host to resist damage by the pathogen. 
C)  of the pathogen to inflict damage on the host. 
D)  None of these are correct. 
A)  of the host to inflict damage on the pathogen. 
B)  of the host to resist damage by the pathogen. 
C)  of the pathogen to inflict damage on the host. 
D)  None of these are correct.

Question 3

Microbes initially colonize teeth by attaching to lipids attached to the enamel.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Cytolytic toxins

Accepted Answer

A)  are extracellular proteins. 
B)  cause cell lysis and death. 
C)  damage host cytoplasmic membrane. 
D)  are extracellular proteins that cause cell lysis and death by damaging the host cytoplasmic membrane. 
A)  are extracellular proteins. 
B)  cause cell lysis and death. 
C)  damage host cytoplasmic membrane. 
D)  are extracellular proteins that cause cell lysis and death by damaging the host cytoplasmic membrane.

Question 5

Which of the following is a way to prevent attenuation and maintain virulence in a bacterium?

Accepted Answer

A)  laboratory subculture 
B)  inoculating an animal with the bacterium 
C)  polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
D)  antibiotic therapy 
A)  laboratory subculture 
B)  inoculating an animal with the bacterium 
C)  polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 
D)  antibiotic therapy

Question 6

________ are microbial infections acquired by hospital patients with noninfectious diseases because they are compromised hosts.

Accepted Answer

A)  Healthcare-associated infections 
B)  Immunocompromised infections 
C)  Pathogenic infections 
D)  Virulent infections 
A)  Healthcare-associated infections 
B)  Immunocompromised infections 
C)  Pathogenic infections 
D)  Virulent infections

Question 7

Explain how Clostridium tetani cells that rarely leave their initial site of infection can cause death in their hosts.

Accepted Answer

C. tetani produces tetanus toxins that m

Question 8

Shiga toxin is an enterotoxin that is produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  Shigella dysenteriae. 
B)  Clostridium tetani. 
C)  Escherichia coli O157:H7. 
D)  Vibrio cholerae. 
A)  Shigella dysenteriae. 
B)  Clostridium tetani. 
C)  Escherichia coli O157:H7. 
D)  Vibrio cholerae.

Question 9

Attenuated vaccines cause a weaker immune response than killed vaccines.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Diptheria toxin is a

Accepted Answer

A)  type of endotoxin. 
B)  cytolytic toxin. 
C)  AB toxin. 
D)  superantigen toxin. 
A)  type of endotoxin. 
B)  cytolytic toxin. 
C)  AB toxin. 
D)  superantigen toxin.

Question 11

Siderophores are

Accepted Answer

A)  molecules that aid directly in attachment to host cells. 
B)  inorganic molecules that help in active transport. 
C)  organic molecules that help pathogens take up iron. 
D)  toxins that affect the gastrointestinal tract. 
A)  molecules that aid directly in attachment to host cells. 
B)  inorganic molecules that help in active transport. 
C)  organic molecules that help pathogens take up iron. 
D)  toxins that affect the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 12

It is thought that attenuation occurs especially in a laboratory setting because

Accepted Answer

A)  nonvirulent or weakly virulent mutants grow faster in laboratory media when there is no selective advantage to virulence. 
B)  pathogens lose virulence with age and survive longer in laboratory cultures. 
C)  patients can be treated with drugs that induce attenuation. 
D)  there is selection for more virulent strains in the laboratory. 
A)  nonvirulent or weakly virulent mutants grow faster in laboratory media when there is no selective advantage to virulence. 
B)  pathogens lose virulence with age and survive longer in laboratory cultures. 
C)  patients can be treated with drugs that induce attenuation. 
D)  there is selection for more virulent strains in the laboratory.

Question 13

Clostridium botulinum cannot produce toxins in improperly preserved foods.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

It used to be thought that streptococci were the primary bacteria in dental plaque. What do we now know about the composition of dental plaque and how do we know it?

Accepted Answer

Dental plaque includes a diverse microbi

Question 15

The collective term for the organisms living on or in the human body, as opposed to a general term for organisms in an environmental habitat, is

Accepted Answer

A)  the human microbiome. 
B)  the microbiota. 
C)  transient microbial flora. 
D)  pathogens. 
A)  the human microbiome. 
B)  the microbiota. 
C)  transient microbial flora. 
D)  pathogens.

Question 16

The following bacterial genera are all implicated in dental caries EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  Fusobacterium. 
B)  Borrelia. 
C)  Streptococcus. 
D)  Corynebacterium. 
A)  Fusobacterium. 
B)  Borrelia. 
C)  Streptococcus. 
D)  Corynebacterium.

Question 17

Virulence refers to the overall ability of an organism to cause disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Septicemia is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  systemic infection. 
B)  transient infection. 
C)  localized infection. 
D)  autoimmune infection. 
A)  systemic infection. 
B)  transient infection. 
C)  localized infection. 
D)  autoimmune infection.

Question 19

Capsules are particularly important for

Accepted Answer

A)  making bacteria more vulnerable to host defense mechanisms. 
B)  making bacteria less pathogenic. 
C)  protecting bacteria from host defense mechanisms. 
D)  allowing bacteria to become more phagocytic. 
A)  making bacteria more vulnerable to host defense mechanisms. 
B)  making bacteria less pathogenic. 
C)  protecting bacteria from host defense mechanisms. 
D)  allowing bacteria to become more phagocytic.

Question 20

Which of the following is an important factor in the development of dental caries?

Accepted Answer

A)  high salt diet 
B)  high sugar diet 
C)  high acid diet 
D)  low salt diet 
A)  high salt diet 
B)  high sugar diet 
C)  high acid diet 
D)  low salt diet

Exam 25: Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Which of the following is a category of exotoxin?

Pathogenicity is the ability

Microbes initially colonize teeth by attaching to lipids attached to the enamel.

Cytolytic toxins

Which of the following is a way to prevent attenuation and maintain virulence in a bacterium?

________ are microbial infections acquired by hospital patients with noninfectious diseases because they are compromised hosts.

Explain how Clostridium tetani cells that rarely leave their initial site of infection can cause death in their hosts.

Shiga toxin is an enterotoxin that is produced by

Attenuated vaccines cause a weaker immune response than killed vaccines.

Diptheria toxin is a

Siderophores are

It is thought that attenuation occurs especially in a laboratory setting because

Clostridium botulinum cannot produce toxins in improperly preserved foods.

It used to be thought that streptococci were the primary bacteria in dental plaque. What do we now know about the composition of dental plaque and how do we know it?

The collective term for the organisms living on or in the human body, as opposed to a general term for organisms in an environmental habitat, is

The following bacterial genera are all implicated in dental caries EXCEPT

Virulence refers to the overall ability of an organism to cause disease.

Septicemia is an example of a

Capsules are particularly important for

Which of the following is an important factor in the development of dental caries?

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