Question 1

The ability to form endospores in bacteria within Bacillales, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillales suggests the genotype/phenotype evolved

Accepted Answer

A)  at least three separate times in these divergent orders. 
B)  at least once, and horizontal gene transfer among relatives explains its presence in other orders. 
C)  only once in an ancestor to these three orders, due to the high number of genes required. 
D)  either at least once and horizontal gene transfer among relatives occurred or once in a common ancestor. 
A)  at least three separate times in these divergent orders. 
B)  at least once, and horizontal gene transfer among relatives explains its presence in other orders. 
C)  only once in an ancestor to these three orders, due to the high number of genes required. 
D)  either at least once and horizontal gene transfer among relatives occurred or once in a common ancestor.

Question 2

The need for additional supplementation of ________ make developing growth media to culture mycoplasmas especially challenging.

Accepted Answer

A)  unsaturated fatty acids 
B)  sterols 
C)  vitamins 
D)  unsaturated fatty acids, sterols, and vitamins 
A)  unsaturated fatty acids 
B)  sterols 
C)  vitamins 
D)  unsaturated fatty acids, sterols, and vitamins

Question 3

Which group in Bacteria lacks cell walls?

Accepted Answer

A)  Corynebacterium 
B)  Mycoplasma 
C)  Sporosarcina 
D)  Tenericutes 
A)  Corynebacterium 
B)  Mycoplasma 
C)  Sporosarcina 
D)  Tenericutes

Question 4

What would most likely result if an exponentially growing culture of Lactobacillus spp. fermenting glucose was accidentally transferred into a highly aerated environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aerobic catabolism of glucose would begin rather than aerobic degradation, due to the presence of O₂. 
B)  Fermentation of glucose would continue, because the cells are insensitive to O₂ despite lacking aerobic metabolism capabilities. 
C)  The cells would halt their metabolism due to the presence of N₂, which acts as a global repressor of fermentation in this group. 
D)  The population would die due to the presence of O₂, because it is a strict anaerobe. 
A)  Aerobic catabolism of glucose would begin rather than aerobic degradation, due to the presence of O₂. 
B)  Fermentation of glucose would continue, because the cells are insensitive to O₂ despite lacking aerobic metabolism capabilities. 
C)  The cells would halt their metabolism due to the presence of N₂, which acts as a global repressor of fermentation in this group. 
D)  The population would die due to the presence of O₂, because it is a strict anaerobe.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a trait of rickettsias?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are obligate intracellular parasites. 
B)  They lack cell walls. 
C)  They have not been cultivated in the absence of host cells. 
D)  Both the host and parasite are required in order to be alive and metabolically active. 
A)  They are obligate intracellular parasites. 
B)  They lack cell walls. 
C)  They have not been cultivated in the absence of host cells. 
D)  Both the host and parasite are required in order to be alive and metabolically active.

Question 6

Which bacillus-shaped genus are primarily intracellular parasites of arthropods such as crustaceans and insects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coxiella 
B)  Klebsiella 
C)  Roseospirillum 
D)  Wolbachia 
A)  Coxiella 
B)  Klebsiella 
C)  Roseospirillum 
D)  Wolbachia

Question 7

Proteobacteria members thrive in soils and occur at high concentrations as well. Other bacterial taxa are considered much less diverse in terms of their metabolic capabilities. Due to the role isolation has in discovering metabolic pathways, consider how obtaining hundreds of new isolates from a less studied phylum might change our views on metabolic diversity. Predict how the results of discovering another highly metabolically diverse group might be handled in terms of taxonomic assignment.

Accepted Answer

Regardless of novel metabolisms observed

Question 8

Select a group within Bacteria that has rare cell morphology observable with a microscope. Describe the appearance, the group that it corresponds to, and another group that would certainly be ruled out when observing this type of cell morphology.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary based on the taxonomic

Question 9

Based on oxygen requirements and metabolic strategies, you would most likely isolate an epsilonproteobacterium from

Accepted Answer

A)  anoxic and sulfate-rich waters. 
B)  a plantʹs rhizosphere. 
C)  sulfate-rich anoxic-oxic interfaces. 
D)  sulfide-rich soils. 
A)  anoxic and sulfate-rich waters. 
B)  a plantʹs rhizosphere. 
C)  sulfate-rich anoxic-oxic interfaces. 
D)  sulfide-rich soils.

Question 10

Isolating a bacterium of the ________ class would be of high impact due to it only having one cultured representative.

Accepted Answer

A)  Alphaproteobacteria 
B)  Betaproteobacteria 
C)  Epsilonproteobacteria 
D)  Zetaproteobacteria 
A)  Alphaproteobacteria 
B)  Betaproteobacteria 
C)  Epsilonproteobacteria 
D)  Zetaproteobacteria

Question 11

Sulfur metabolism is a common trait in Deltaproteobacteria.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which taxon is NOT gram-positive?

Accepted Answer

A)  Actinobacteria 
B)  Firmicutes 
C)  Sphingobacteria 
D)  Streptococcus 
A)  Actinobacteria 
B)  Firmicutes 
C)  Sphingobacteria 
D)  Streptococcus

Question 13

Which phenotypic assay could be used to determine whether a new Streptococcus spp. is of the pyogenes or viridans group?

Accepted Answer

A)  catalase assay with H₂O₂ 
B)  hemolytic type after growth on a blood agar plate 
C)  occurrence of cells being in clusters or as individual cells under a microscope 
D)  product(s) formed during lactose fermentation 
A)  catalase assay with H₂O₂ 
B)  hemolytic type after growth on a blood agar plate 
C)  occurrence of cells being in clusters or as individual cells under a microscope 
D)  product(s) formed during lactose fermentation

Question 14

Which organisms would most likely be isolated from aerobic growth conditions with acetate and a soil sample heated to 80°C for 10 minutes?

Accepted Answer

A)  aerobic or facultative anaerobic acetogens 
B)  endospore-forming bacteria 
C)  hyperthermophilic heterotrophic bacteria 
D)  mycoplasmas 
A)  aerobic or facultative anaerobic acetogens 
B)  endospore-forming bacteria 
C)  hyperthermophilic heterotrophic bacteria 
D)  mycoplasmas

Question 15

Which bacterial genus would be best to select for fermenting cabbage to make homemade sauerkraut?

Accepted Answer

A)  Clostridium 
B)  Lactobacillus 
C)  Propionibacterium 
D)  Staphylococcus 
A)  Clostridium 
B)  Lactobacillus 
C)  Propionibacterium 
D)  Staphylococcus

Question 16

Considering the evolution of Bacteria, the criteria used for taxonomy, and the genetic requirements for individual metabolic pathways, explain how it is unlikely to observe three genera of the same family where one genus has strict anaerobes that degrade only small aromatics, another genus degrades large molecular weight sugars aerobically, and a third is a photoautotroph.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary but should emphasize t

Question 17

Mycoplasmas lack cell walls, thus

Accepted Answer

A)  they have a larger cytoplasmic volume. 
B)  frequently exist as obligate symbionts. 
C)  they have a higher sensitivity to osmotic lysis. 
D)  they are unable to survive conditions under which protoplasts lyse. 
A)  they have a larger cytoplasmic volume. 
B)  frequently exist as obligate symbionts. 
C)  they have a higher sensitivity to osmotic lysis. 
D)  they are unable to survive conditions under which protoplasts lyse.

Question 18

Explain how the enteric bacteria can be differentiated by the type and proportion of fermentation products produced by the anaerobic fermentation of glucose.

Accepted Answer

While glucose is fermented by all enteri

Question 19

Biosynthesis of vitamin K (menaquinone) by ________ spp. inhabiting the ________ of humans is a potentially important mutualistic relationship for human health.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bifidobacterium / intestinal tract 
B)  Bifidobacterium / stomach 
C)  Escherichia / intestinal tract 
D)  Escherichia / stomach 
A)  Bifidobacterium / intestinal tract 
B)  Bifidobacterium / stomach 
C)  Escherichia / intestinal tract 
D)  Escherichia / stomach

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a trait of the Planctomycetes?

Accepted Answer

A)  undergo budding cell division 
B)  have intracellular compartmentalization 
C)  lack peptidoglycan 
D)  undergo plant symbiosis 
A)  undergo budding cell division 
B)  have intracellular compartmentalization 
C)  lack peptidoglycan 
D)  undergo plant symbiosis

Exam 16: Diversity of Bacteria

The ability to form endospores in bacteria within Bacillales, Clostridiales, and Lactobacillales suggests the genotype/phenotype evolved

The need for additional supplementation of ________ make developing growth media to culture mycoplasmas especially challenging.

Which group in Bacteria lacks cell walls?

What would most likely result if an exponentially growing culture of Lactobacillus spp. fermenting glucose was accidentally transferred into a highly aerated environment?

Which of the following is NOT a trait of rickettsias?

Which bacillus-shaped genus are primarily intracellular parasites of arthropods such as crustaceans and insects?

Select a group within Bacteria that has rare cell morphology observable with a microscope. Describe the appearance, the group that it corresponds to, and another group that would certainly be ruled out when observing this type of cell morphology.

Based on oxygen requirements and metabolic strategies, you would most likely isolate an epsilonproteobacterium from

Isolating a bacterium of the ________ class would be of high impact due to it only having one cultured representative.

Sulfur metabolism is a common trait in Deltaproteobacteria.

Which taxon is NOT gram-positive?

Which phenotypic assay could be used to determine whether a new Streptococcus spp. is of the pyogenes or viridans group?

Which organisms would most likely be isolated from aerobic growth conditions with acetate and a soil sample heated to 80°C for 10 minutes?

Which bacterial genus would be best to select for fermenting cabbage to make homemade sauerkraut?

Mycoplasmas lack cell walls, thus

Explain how the enteric bacteria can be differentiated by the type and proportion of fermentation products produced by the anaerobic fermentation of glucose.

Biosynthesis of vitamin K (menaquinone) by ________ spp. inhabiting the ________ of humans is a potentially important mutualistic relationship for human health.

Which of the following is NOT a trait of the Planctomycetes?

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

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Biosynthesis of vitamin K (menaquinone) by spp. inhabiting the of humans is a potentially important mutualistic relationship for human health.