Question 1

What is the difference between PCR and RT-PCR?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only PCR makes many copies of DNA rapidly. 
B)  RT-PCR uses an RNA template whereas PCR uses a DNA template. 
C)  Only PCR produces cDNA. 
D)  PCR uses a single stranded template whereas RT-PCR uses a double-stranded template. 
A)  Only PCR makes many copies of DNA rapidly. 
B)  RT-PCR uses an RNA template whereas PCR uses a DNA template. 
C)  Only PCR produces cDNA. 
D)  PCR uses a single stranded template whereas RT-PCR uses a double-stranded template.

Question 2

Recognizing pathogens that contain multiple unique proteins which enable the human immune system to recognize just one and mount an effective response has opened the door on development of some vaccines only being

Accepted Answer

A)  attenuated carrier viruses. 
B)  monovalent. 
C)  subunit vaccines. 
D)  purified protein administered. 
A)  attenuated carrier viruses. 
B)  monovalent. 
C)  subunit vaccines. 
D)  purified protein administered.

Question 3

Strong promoters used for genetic manipulation are usually regulated by specific molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Genetically modified plants resistant to the herbicide glyphosphate contain a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

To estimate the total concentration of a beneficial bacterial species in yogurt, ________ would provide the quickest results.

Accepted Answer

A)  fluorescence in situ hybridization 
B)  qPCR 
C)  RT-PCR 
D)  a Southern blot 
A)  fluorescence in situ hybridization 
B)  qPCR 
C)  RT-PCR 
D)  a Southern blot

Question 6

Which of those listed below is LEAST similar in what is being studied and concluded?

Accepted Answer

A)  fluorescence in situ hybridization 
B)  GFP fusion protein 
C)  Northern blot 
D)  RT-PCR 
A)  fluorescence in situ hybridization 
B)  GFP fusion protein 
C)  Northern blot 
D)  RT-PCR

Question 7

What is necessary for a YAC to function as a normal eukaryotic chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A YAC must contain an origin o

Question 8

Which statement is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  YACs are more likely than BACs to undergo recombination and rearrangement. 
B)  BACs are more likely than YACs to undergo recombination and rearrangement. 
C)  YACs and BACs undergo recombination and rearrangement at about the same rate. 
D)  It is impossible to state with any certainty whether YACs or BACs are more likely to undergo recombination and rearrangement, because environmental factors play a major role in the probability of one or the other occurring. 
A)  YACs are more likely than BACs to undergo recombination and rearrangement. 
B)  BACs are more likely than YACs to undergo recombination and rearrangement. 
C)  YACs and BACs undergo recombination and rearrangement at about the same rate. 
D)  It is impossible to state with any certainty whether YACs or BACs are more likely to undergo recombination and rearrangement, because environmental factors play a major role in the probability of one or the other occurring.

Question 9

Polyvalent vaccines using vaccinia virus are highly favored by doctors and physicians but are especially challenging for those who develop them, because

Accepted Answer

A)  coat proteins form a relatively rigid structure and do not allow much space for additional proteins to be expressed. 
B)  multiple foreign proteins simultaneously synthesized often disrupts each otherʹs activity. 
C)  vaccinia and most other viruses engineered for vaccines contain only one restriction site for cloning in their genome. 
D)  virus genetic manipulation uses transfection, which is an inherently inefficient process. 
A)  coat proteins form a relatively rigid structure and do not allow much space for additional proteins to be expressed. 
B)  multiple foreign proteins simultaneously synthesized often disrupts each otherʹs activity. 
C)  vaccinia and most other viruses engineered for vaccines contain only one restriction site for cloning in their genome. 
D)  virus genetic manipulation uses transfection, which is an inherently inefficient process.

Question 10

Describe the usefulness of blue-white screening, also called α-complementation, in cloning vectors such as pUC19. Include in your answer the terms polylinker, DNA ligase, lacZ gene, insertional inactivation, Xgal, and β-galactosidase.

Accepted Answer

This is a powerful screening method, bec

Question 11

Which of those below is NOT an important consideration when designing a fusion protein construct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoid hybridization of the fusion gene in the artificial construct. 
B)  Reading frame is the same for both the fusion gene and reporter gene. 
C)  Transcriptional start and stop signals are shared. 
D)  Translational start and stop signals are shared. 
A)  Avoid hybridization of the fusion gene in the artificial construct. 
B)  Reading frame is the same for both the fusion gene and reporter gene. 
C)  Transcriptional start and stop signals are shared. 
D)  Translational start and stop signals are shared.

Question 12

Describe the steps of gene cloning using a vector.

Accepted Answer

DNA is amplified. It then must

Question 13

One of the more formidable obstacles to mammalian gene cloning is the presence of

Accepted Answer

A)  introns. 
B)  exons. 
C)  repressors. 
D)  integrators. 
A)  introns. 
B)  exons. 
C)  repressors. 
D)  integrators.

Question 14

When is it appropriate to use an artificial chromosome vector? Describe a specific example.

Accepted Answer

Artificial chromosome vectors are genera

Question 15

Using a host defective in proteases is likely to be necessary when

Accepted Answer

A)  engineering a complete metabolic pathway requiring several different enzymes. 
B)  overproducing proteins. 
C)  producing a small protein. 
D)  engineering transgenic animals with immune systems. 
A)  engineering a complete metabolic pathway requiring several different enzymes. 
B)  overproducing proteins. 
C)  producing a small protein. 
D)  engineering transgenic animals with immune systems.

Question 16

PCR rapidly produces many copies of entire DNA molecules.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which process results in the production of a hybrid polypeptide?

Accepted Answer

A)  vector fusion 
B)  operon fusion 
C)  protein fusion 
D)  translational fusion 
A)  vector fusion 
B)  operon fusion 
C)  protein fusion 
D)  translational fusion

Question 18

The key steps in cloning a foreign gene into a vector, regardless of the application, involve isolating the insert fragment, ligating the insert into a vector, and transforming it into a host.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

What is the first step in constructing a metagenomic library from RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  The RNA must be converted to cDNA. 
B)  The RNA must be amplified through PCR, producing many RNA copies. 
C)  The RNA must be screened to identify the genes of interest. 
D)  The RNA must be inserted into plasmid vectors. 
A)  The RNA must be converted to cDNA. 
B)  The RNA must be amplified through PCR, producing many RNA copies. 
C)  The RNA must be screened to identify the genes of interest. 
D)  The RNA must be inserted into plasmid vectors.

Question 20

DNA polymerases from Escherichia coli cannot be used to artificially copy gene sequences with a thermocycler.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Biotechnology and Synthetic Biology

What is the difference between PCR and RT-PCR?

Recognizing pathogens that contain multiple unique proteins which enable the human immune system to recognize just one and mount an effective response has opened the door on development of some vaccines only being

Strong promoters used for genetic manipulation are usually regulated by specific molecules.

Genetically modified plants resistant to the herbicide glyphosphate contain a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis.

To estimate the total concentration of a beneficial bacterial species in yogurt, ________ would provide the quickest results.

Which of those listed below is LEAST similar in what is being studied and concluded?

What is necessary for a YAC to function as a normal eukaryotic chromosome?

Which statement is TRUE?

Polyvalent vaccines using vaccinia virus are highly favored by doctors and physicians but are especially challenging for those who develop them, because

Describe the usefulness of blue-white screening, also called α-complementation, in cloning vectors such as pUC19. Include in your answer the terms polylinker, DNA ligase, lacZ gene, insertional inactivation, Xgal, and β-galactosidase.

Which of those below is NOT an important consideration when designing a fusion protein construct?

Describe the steps of gene cloning using a vector.

One of the more formidable obstacles to mammalian gene cloning is the presence of

When is it appropriate to use an artificial chromosome vector? Describe a specific example.

Using a host defective in proteases is likely to be necessary when

PCR rapidly produces many copies of entire DNA molecules.

Which process results in the production of a hybrid polypeptide?

The key steps in cloning a foreign gene into a vector, regardless of the application, involve isolating the insert fragment, ligating the insert into a vector, and transforming it into a host.

What is the first step in constructing a metagenomic library from RNA?

DNA polymerases from Escherichia coli cannot be used to artificially copy gene sequences with a thermocycler.

The Microbial World

Microbial Cell Structure and Function

Microbial Metabolism

Molecular Information Flow and Protein Processing

Microbial Growth and Its Control

Microbial Regulatory Systems

Molecular Biology of Microbial Growth

Viruses and Their Replication

Microbial Systems Biology

Viral Genomics, Diversity, and Ecology

Genetics of Bacteria and Archaea

Microbial Evolution and Systematics

Metabolic Diversity of Microorganisms

Functional Diversity of Microorganisms

Diversity of Bacteria

Diversity of Archaea

Diversity of Microbial Eukarya

Taking the Measure of Microbial Systems

Microbial Ecosystems

Nutrient Cycles

Microbiology of the Built Environment

Microbial Symbioses

Microbial Symbioses with Humans

Microbial Infection and Pathogenesis

Innate Immunity: Broadly Specific Host Defenses

Adaptive Immunity: Highly Specific Host Defenses

Clinical Microbiology and Immunology

Epidemiology

Person-to-Person Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Vectorborne and Soilborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Waterborne and Foodborne Bacterial and Viral Diseases

Eukaryotic Pathogens: Fungi, Protozoans, and Helminths

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