Question 1

Which of the following organisms is incorrectly paired with its trophic level?

Accepted Answer

A)  cyanobacterium-primary producer 
B)  grasshopper-primary consumer 
C)  zooplankton-primary producer 
D)  fungus-detritivore 
A)  cyanobacterium-primary producer 
B)  grasshopper-primary consumer 
C)  zooplankton-primary producer 
D)  fungus-detritivore

Question 2

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
After looking at the experiment in the figure, what can be concluded about productivity in marine ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nothing can be said based on this information. 
B)  Marine organisms break down iron for energy and thus for productivity. 
C)  Iron can be a limiting nutrient in productivity. 
D)  Productivity increases when chlorophyll a is added. 
A)  Nothing can be said based on this information. 
B)  Marine organisms break down iron for energy and thus for productivity. 
C)  Iron can be a limiting nutrient in productivity. 
D)  Productivity increases when chlorophyll a is added.

Question 3

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
Diagram of a food web (arrows represent energy flow and letters represent species)
If the figure represents a marine food web, zooplankton are most likely ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E

Question 4

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
Which habitat types in the figure cover the largest area?

Accepted Answer

A)  tropical wet forest 
B)  rock, sand, ice 
C)  algal beds and reefs 
D)  wetlands plus the ocean neritic zone 
A)  tropical wet forest 
B)  rock, sand, ice 
C)  algal beds and reefs 
D)  wetlands plus the ocean neritic zone

Question 5

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
Food web for a particular terrestrial ecosystem (arrows represent energy flow and letters represent species)
Examine this food web for a particular terrestrial ecosystem. Species C is toxic to predators. Which species is most likely to benefit from being a mimic of C?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E

Question 6

How is net ecosystem production (NEP)typically estimated in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A)  by detecting the amount of heat energy released by the ecosystem 
B)  by measuring gas exchange from vegetation as well as estimates of respiration by all other organisms 
C)  by measuring the rate of decomposition by detritivores 
D)  by calculating the annual total of incoming solar radiation per unit of area 
A)  by detecting the amount of heat energy released by the ecosystem 
B)  by measuring gas exchange from vegetation as well as estimates of respiration by all other organisms 
C)  by measuring the rate of decomposition by detritivores 
D)  by calculating the annual total of incoming solar radiation per unit of area

Question 7

How can biodiversity affect the way we decontaminate industrial sites?
I.Bacteria have been found to be able to detoxify certain chemicals; perhaps there are more.
II.Trees produce sawdust, which can be used to soak up chemicals.
III.Species evolving in contaminated areas could adapt and detoxify the area.

Accepted Answer

A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  only II and III 
A)  only I 
B)  only II 
C)  only III 
D)  only II and III

Question 8

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
In the ecosystem figure, which unit of the food web has the potential to lose the most energy as heat?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary and tertiary consumers 
B)  primary consumers 
C)  primary producers 
D)  microorganisms and other detritivores 
A)  secondary and tertiary consumers 
B)  primary consumers 
C)  primary producers 
D)  microorganisms and other detritivores

Question 9

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
Food web for a particular terrestrial ecosystem (arrows represent energy flow and letters represent species)
Examine this food web for a particular terrestrial ecosystem. Which species is most likely a decomposer on this food web?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  E

Question 10

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
On the diagram of the nitrogen cycle, which number represents nitrite (NO₂)?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4

Question 11

Which of the following statements is correct about biogeochemical cycling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phosphorus is the limiting nutrient that most widely affects biomass production. 
B)  The phosphorus cycle involves the weathering of rocks. 
C)  The carbon cycle has maintained a constant atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide for the past million years. 
D)  The nitrogen cycle involves movement of diatomic nitrogen between the biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem. 
A)  Phosphorus is the limiting nutrient that most widely affects biomass production. 
B)  The phosphorus cycle involves the weathering of rocks. 
C)  The carbon cycle has maintained a constant atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide for the past million years. 
D)  The nitrogen cycle involves movement of diatomic nitrogen between the biotic and abiotic components of the ecosystem.

Question 12

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
Considering its total area covered, which ecosystem type represented in the figure has a very low level of economic impact on Earth's ecosystem?

Accepted Answer

A)  tropical wet forest 
B)  rock, sand, and ice 
C)  tropical seasonal forest 
D)  ocean neritic zone 
A)  tropical wet forest 
B)  rock, sand, and ice 
C)  tropical seasonal forest 
D)  ocean neritic zone

Question 13

Which of the following would be considered an example of bioremediation?

Accepted Answer

A)  adding nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to a degraded ecosystem to increase nitrogen availability 
B)  using a bulldozer to regrade a strip mine 
C)  dredging a river bottom to remove contaminated sediments 
D)  adding fertilizer to soil poor in nutrients to increase plant growth 
A)  adding nitrogen-fixing microorganisms to a degraded ecosystem to increase nitrogen availability 
B)  using a bulldozer to regrade a strip mine 
C)  dredging a river bottom to remove contaminated sediments 
D)  adding fertilizer to soil poor in nutrients to increase plant growth

Question 14

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
Based on the figure, which of the following are plausible reasons for the results?
I.Nutrients in the control watershed are being lost due to evapotranspiration from leaves.
II.Nutrients dissolve in the water running through the watershed.
III.Nutrients are attached to small particles of sand or clay that leave the watershed.
IV.Intact vegetation includes plant roots that held soil particles and prevented nutrient loss.

Accepted Answer

A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and IV 
C)  I, II, III, and IV 
D)  only II, III, and IV 
A)  only I and III 
B)  only II and IV 
C)  I, II, III, and IV 
D)  only II, III, and IV

Question 15

The goal of restoration ecology is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  replace a ruined ecosystem with a more suitable ecosystem for that area 
B)  return degraded ecosystems to a more natural state 
C)  manage competition among species in human-altered ecosystems 
D)  prevent further degradation by protecting an area with park status 
A)  replace a ruined ecosystem with a more suitable ecosystem for that area 
B)  return degraded ecosystems to a more natural state 
C)  manage competition among species in human-altered ecosystems 
D)  prevent further degradation by protecting an area with park status

Question 16

If the flow of energy in an arctic ecosystem goes through a simple food chain, perhaps involving humans, starting from phytoplankton to zooplankton to fish to seals to polar bears, then which of the following could be accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Polar bears can provide more food for humans than seals can. 
B)  The total biomass of the fish is lower than that of the seals. 
C)  Seal populations are larger than fish populations. 
D)  Fish can potentially provide more food for humans than seal meat. 
A)  Polar bears can provide more food for humans than seals can. 
B)  The total biomass of the fish is lower than that of the seals. 
C)  Seal populations are larger than fish populations. 
D)  Fish can potentially provide more food for humans than seal meat.

Question 17

What advantage would there be for an ecosystem ecologist to measure net ecosystem production (NEP)instead of net primary production (NPP)?

Accepted Answer

A)  NPP cannot be expressed in energy/unit of area/unit of time. 
B)  NEP can be expressed in terms of carbon fixed by photosynthesis for an entire ecosystem, minus respiration by producers, allowing the measurement of net CO₂ flux. 
C)  NEP represents the amount of energy from light converted to chemical energy, minus the energy used by all organisms for cellular respiration, which could indicate whether or not carbon is being stored. 
D)  NPP shows the rate at which the standing crop is utilized by consumers. 
A)  NPP cannot be expressed in energy/unit of area/unit of time. 
B)  NEP can be expressed in terms of carbon fixed by photosynthesis for an entire ecosystem, minus respiration by producers, allowing the measurement of net CO₂ flux. 
C)  NEP represents the amount of energy from light converted to chemical energy, minus the energy used by all organisms for cellular respiration, which could indicate whether or not carbon is being stored. 
D)  NPP shows the rate at which the standing crop is utilized by consumers.

Question 18

Consider the food chain of grass → grasshopper → mouse → snake → hawk. About how much of the chemical energy fixed by photosynthesis of the grass (100 percent)is available to the hawk?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.01% 
B)  0.1% 
C)  1% 
D)  10% 
A)  0.01% 
B)  0.1% 
C)  1% 
D)  10%

Question 19

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
In the figure, what could the jagged arrow leaving microorganisms and other detritivores represent?

Accepted Answer

A)  organic compounds broken down by bacteria 
B)  energy consumed by bacteria 
C)  energy lost from a worm during cellular respiration 
D)  CO₂ and heat loss from decomposing materials due to the effects of solar radiation and precipitation 
A)  organic compounds broken down by bacteria 
B)  energy consumed by bacteria 
C)  energy lost from a worm during cellular respiration 
D)  CO₂ and heat loss from decomposing materials due to the effects of solar radiation and precipitation

Question 20

Use the following figure to answer the question.
 
Consider the global nitrogen cycle depicted in the figure. How are humans altering this cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  industrial nitrogen fixation 
B)  nitrogen lost to the atmosphere 
C)  reduction of nitrogen available to terrestrial ecosystems 
D)  reduction of nitrogen fixation by bacteria 
A)  industrial nitrogen fixation 
B)  nitrogen lost to the atmosphere 
C)  reduction of nitrogen available to terrestrial ecosystems 
D)  reduction of nitrogen fixation by bacteria

Exam 55: Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Which of the following organisms is incorrectly paired with its trophic level?

Use the following figure to answer the question. After looking at the experiment in the figure, what can be concluded about productivity in marine ecosystems?

Use the following figure to answer the question. Diagram of a food web (arrows represent energy flow and letters represent species) If the figure represents a marine food web, zooplankton are most likely ________.

Use the following figure to answer the question. Which habitat types in the figure cover the largest area?

How is net ecosystem production (NEP)typically estimated in ecosystems?

Use the following figure to answer the question. In the ecosystem figure, which unit of the food web has the potential to lose the most energy as heat?

Use the following figure to answer the question. Food web for a particular terrestrial ecosystem (arrows represent energy flow and letters represent species) Examine this food web for a particular terrestrial ecosystem. Which species is most likely a decomposer on this food web?

Use the following figure to answer the question. On the diagram of the nitrogen cycle, which number represents nitrite (NO₂)?

Which of the following statements is correct about biogeochemical cycling?

Use the following figure to answer the question. Considering its total area covered, which ecosystem type represented in the figure has a very low level of economic impact on Earth's ecosystem?

Which of the following would be considered an example of bioremediation?

The goal of restoration ecology is to ________.

If the flow of energy in an arctic ecosystem goes through a simple food chain, perhaps involving humans, starting from phytoplankton to zooplankton to fish to seals to polar bears, then which of the following could be accurate?

What advantage would there be for an ecosystem ecologist to measure net ecosystem production (NEP)instead of net primary production (NPP)?

Consider the food chain of grass → grasshopper → mouse → snake → hawk. About how much of the chemical energy fixed by photosynthesis of the grass (100 percent)is available to the hawk?

Use the following figure to answer the question. In the figure, what could the jagged arrow leaving microorganisms and other detritivores represent?

Use the following figure to answer the question. Consider the global nitrogen cycle depicted in the figure. How are humans altering this cycle?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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