Exam 38: Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Sperm cells are formed in plants by ________.

Plant biotechnology is an effective tool for ________.

Many flowering plants coevolve with specific pollinators. The Madagascar orchid has a 12-inch floral tube and is a reliable nectar source for the hawkmoth, which has a correspondingly long proboscis (tongue). Which statement most accurately describes how coevolution might have occurred for the hawkmoth and Madagascar orchid?

Retaining the zygote on the living gametophyte of land plants ________.

The most immediate potential benefits of introducing genetically modified crops include ________. I creating crops that can grow on land previously unsuitable for agriculture II creating crops with better potential for biofuel production III creating crops with better nutritional attributes IV increasing crop yield V decreasing the mutation rate of certain genes

If an ovary contains 50 ovules, what is the minimum number of pollen grains that must land to form 50 mature seeds?

In which of the following pairs are the two terms equivalent?

Which of the following pollinating agents is correctly matched with the type of plant it helps pollinate?

Which of the following would be the most problematic for the natural environment in the development of genetically engineered crops?

Which of the following is a scientific concern related to creating genetically modified crops?

Which of the following types of plants are incapable of self-pollination?

What adaptations should one expect of the seed coats of angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by frugivorous (fruit-eating)animals, as opposed to angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by other means? 1)The exterior of the seed coat should have barbs or hooks. 2)The seed coat should contain secondary compounds that irritate the lining of the animal's mouth. 3)The seed coat should be able to withstand low pHs. 4)The seed coat, upon its complete digestion, should provide vitamins or nutrients to animals. 5)The seed coat should be resistant to the animals' digestive enzymes.

Some dioecious species have the XY genotype for male and XX for female. After double fertilization, what would be the genotypes of the embryos and endosperm nuclei?

A small flower with green petals is most likely

Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower?

Which of these is a major trend in land plant evolution?

Double fertilization in angiosperm embryo sac produces endosperm, a food-storing tissue of the seed. The genetic makeup of endosperm is ________.

Regardless of where in the world a vineyard is located, for the winery to produce a Burgundy, it must use varietal grapes that originated in Burgundy, France. The most effective way for a new California grower to plant a vineyard to produce Burgundy is to ________.

Use the following information to answer the question. The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can grow to over 50 meters tall, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends, tough-walled fruits, each containing 8-25 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to the forest floor. Brazil nuts are composed primarily of endosperm. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow flowers of Brazil nut trees cannot fertilize themselves and admit only female orchid bees as pollinators. The agouti (Dasyprocta spp.), a cat-sized rodent, is the only animal with teeth strong enough to crack the hard wall of Brazil nut fruits. It typically eats some of the seeds, buries others, and leaves still others inside the fruit, which moisture can now enter. The uneaten seeds may subsequently germinate. The same bees that pollinate the flowers of the Brazil nut trees also pollinate orchids, which are epiphytes (in other words, plants that grow on other plants); however, orchids cannot grow on Brazil nut trees. These observations explain ________.

Use the following information to answer the question. The Brazil nut tree, Bertholletia excels (n = 17), is native to tropical rain forests of South America. It is a hardwood tree that can grow to over 50 meters tall, is a source of high-quality lumber, and is a favorite nesting site for harpy eagles. As the rainy season ends, tough-walled fruits, each containing 8-25 seeds (Brazil nuts), fall to the forest floor. Brazil nuts are composed primarily of endosperm. About $50 million worth of nuts are harvested each year. Scientists have discovered that the pale yellow flowers of Brazil nut trees cannot fertilize themselves and admit only female orchid bees as pollinators. The agouti (Dasyprocta spp.), a cat-sized rodent, is the only animal with teeth strong enough to crack the hard wall of Brazil nut fruits. It typically eats some of the seeds, buries others, and leaves still others inside the fruit, which moisture can now enter. The uneaten seeds may subsequently germinate. Orchid bees are to Brazil nut trees as ________ are to pine trees.