Question 1

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  membrane proteins of the inner nuclear envelope 
B)  free ribosomes and ribosomes attached to the ER 
C)  components of the cytoskeleton 
D)  cellulose fibers in the cell wall 
A)  membrane proteins of the inner nuclear envelope 
B)  free ribosomes and ribosomes attached to the ER 
C)  components of the cytoskeleton 
D)  cellulose fibers in the cell wall

Question 2

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the bound cyanide is likely to be localized within the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria 
B)  peroxisomes 
C)  lysosomes 
D)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  mitochondria 
B)  peroxisomes 
C)  lysosomes 
D)  smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  producing large quantities of proteins for secretion 
B)  producing large quantities of proteins in the cytosol 
C)  producing large quantities of carbohydrates to assemble an extensive cell wall matrix 
D)  producing large quantities of carbohydrates for storage in the vacuole 
A)  producing large quantities of proteins for secretion 
B)  producing large quantities of proteins in the cytosol 
C)  producing large quantities of carbohydrates to assemble an extensive cell wall matrix 
D)  producing large quantities of carbohydrates for storage in the vacuole

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cytoskeleton of eukaryotes is a static structure most resembling scaffolding used at construction sites. 
B)  Although microtubules are common within a cell, actin filaments are rarely found outside of the nucleus. 
C)  Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. 
D)  Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would have little effect on a cell's response to external stimuli. 
A)  The cytoskeleton of eukaryotes is a static structure most resembling scaffolding used at construction sites. 
B)  Although microtubules are common within a cell, actin filaments are rarely found outside of the nucleus. 
C)  Movement of cilia and flagella is the result of motor proteins causing microtubules to move relative to each other. 
D)  Chemicals that block the assembly of the cytoskeleton would have little effect on a cell's response to external stimuli.

Question 5

A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that an inexpensive toy microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?

Accepted Answer

A)  The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the specimen. 
B)  The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images. 
C)  The toy microscope produces less contrast in the specimens. 
D)  The toy microscope usually uses a different wavelength of light source. 
A)  The toy microscope does not have the same fine control for focus of the specimen. 
B)  The toy microscope magnifies a good deal, but has low resolution and therefore poor quality images. 
C)  The toy microscope produces less contrast in the specimens. 
D)  The toy microscope usually uses a different wavelength of light source.

Question 6

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into chloroplasts 
B)  endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic archaeal cell in a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic archaea evolved into chloroplasts 
C)  endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria 
D)  evolution of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into chloroplasts 
B)  endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic archaeal cell in a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen-the anaerobic archaea evolved into chloroplasts 
C)  endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria 
D)  evolution of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear envelope 
B)  chloroplast 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  plasma membrane 
A)  nuclear envelope 
B)  chloroplast 
C)  Golgi apparatus 
D)  plasma membrane

Question 8

You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pinch the edges of the cube into small folds. 
B)  Flatten the cube into a pancake shape. 
C)  Round the clay up into a sphere. 
D)  Stretch the cube into a long, shoebox shape. 
A)  Pinch the edges of the cube into small folds. 
B)  Flatten the cube into a pancake shape. 
C)  Round the clay up into a sphere. 
D)  Stretch the cube into a long, shoebox shape.

Question 9

Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that this cell is actively producing large amounts of which of the following molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  polysaccharides 
B)  proteins 
C)  lipids 
D)  nucleic acids 
A)  polysaccharides 
B)  proteins 
C)  lipids 
D)  nucleic acids

Question 10

Both the volume and the surface area for three different cells were measured. These values are listed in the following table:
$\begin{array}{|l|l|l|}
\hline & \text { Volume } & \text { Surface Area } \
\hline \text { Cell 1 } & 9.3 \mu \mathrm{m}^{3} & 26.5 \mu \mathrm{m}^{2} \
\hline \text { Cell } 2 & 12.2 \mu \mathrm{m}^{3} & 37.1 \mathrm{~m}^{2} \
\hline \text { Cell } 3 & 17.6 \mu \mathrm{m}^{3} & 40.6 \mu \mathrm{m}^{2} \
\hline
\end{array}$ 
Using data from the table above, select the best explanation for why that cell will be able to eliminate waste most efficiently?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell 1, since it has the smallest volume and will not produce as much waste as the other cells. 
B)  Cell 2, since it has the highest ratio of surface area to volume, which facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment. 
C)  Cell 3, since it has the largest surface area, which will enable it to eliminate all of its wastes efficiently. 
D)  Cell 3, because it is big enough to allow wastes to easily diffuse through the plasma membrane. 
A)  Cell 1, since it has the smallest volume and will not produce as much waste as the other cells. 
B)  Cell 2, since it has the highest ratio of surface area to volume, which facilitates the exchange of materials between a cell and its environment. 
C)  Cell 3, since it has the largest surface area, which will enable it to eliminate all of its wastes efficiently. 
D)  Cell 3, because it is big enough to allow wastes to easily diffuse through the plasma membrane.

Question 11

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. 
B)  Proteins secreted by prokaryotes are likely synthesized on ribosomes bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. 
C)  The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. 
D)  Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack rough endoplasmic reticulum. 
A)  Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack an endomembrane system. 
B)  Proteins secreted by prokaryotes are likely synthesized on ribosomes bound to the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane. 
C)  The mechanism of protein secretion in prokaryotes is probably the same as that in eukaryotes. 
D)  Prokaryotes cannot secrete proteins because they lack rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 12

In bacteria, DNA will be found in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a membrane-enclosed nucleus 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  the nucleoid 
D)  ribosomes 
A)  a membrane-enclosed nucleus 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  the nucleoid 
D)  ribosomes

Question 13

A defect in which of the following intercellular junctions would allow partially digested material to leak passively between the cells of the small intestine into the abdominal cavity?

Accepted Answer

A)  desmosomes 
B)  gap junctions 
C)  plasmodesmata 
D)  tight junctions 
A)  desmosomes 
B)  gap junctions 
C)  plasmodesmata 
D)  tight junctions

Question 14

Which of the following are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  mitochondria 
B)  ribosomes 
C)  chloroplasts 
D)  endoplasmic reticulum 
A)  mitochondria 
B)  ribosomes 
C)  chloroplasts 
D)  endoplasmic reticulum

Question 15

Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  form cleavage furrows during cell division 
B)  migrate by amoeboid movement 
C)  separate chromosomes during cell division 
D)  maintain the shape of the nucleus 
A)  form cleavage furrows during cell division 
B)  migrate by amoeboid movement 
C)  separate chromosomes during cell division 
D)  maintain the shape of the nucleus

Question 16

One primary advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy 
B)  light microscopy provides for higher resolution than electron microscopy 
C)  light microscopy allows the visualization of dynamic processes in living cells 
D)  light microscopy provides higher contrast than electron microscopy 
A)  light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy 
B)  light microscopy provides for higher resolution than electron microscopy 
C)  light microscopy allows the visualization of dynamic processes in living cells 
D)  light microscopy provides higher contrast than electron microscopy

Question 17

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  chloroplasts 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  lysosomes 
D)  nuclei 
A)  chloroplasts 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  lysosomes 
D)  nuclei

Question 18

Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle cell 
B)  nerve cell 
C)  bacterial cell 
D)  phagocytic white blood cell 
A)  muscle cell 
B)  nerve cell 
C)  bacterial cell 
D)  phagocytic white blood cell

Question 19

A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is likely specialized to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  store large quantities of water 
B)  import and export large quantities of protein 
C)  actively secrete large quantities of protein 
D)  synthesize large quantities of lipids 
A)  store large quantities of water 
B)  import and export large quantities of protein 
C)  actively secrete large quantities of protein 
D)  synthesize large quantities of lipids

Question 20

Which of the following would be most appropriate method to observe the three-dimensional structure and organization of microvilli on an intestinal cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  a hand lens (magnifying glass) 
B)  standard light microscopy 
C)  scanning electron microscopy 
D)  transmission electron microscopy 
A)  a hand lens (magnifying glass) 
B)  standard light microscopy 
C)  scanning electron microscopy 
D)  transmission electron microscopy

Exam 6: A Tour of the Cell

Motor proteins provide for molecular motion in cells by interacting with what types of cellular structures?

Cyanide binds with at least one molecule involved in producing ATP. If a cell is exposed to cyanide, most of the bound cyanide is likely to be localized within the ________.

A cell with a predominance of rough endoplasmic reticulum is most likely ________.

Which of the following statements about the cytoskeleton is true?

A newspaper ad for a local toy store indicates that an inexpensive toy microscope available for a small child is able to magnify specimens nearly as much as the more costly microscope available in your college lab. What is the primary reason for the price difference?

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved ________.

Which structure is not part of the endomembrane system?

You have a cube of modeling clay in your hands. Which of the following changes to the shape of this cube of clay will decrease its surface area relative to its volume?

Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that this cell is actively producing large amounts of which of the following molecules?

Which of the following statements correctly describes some aspect of protein secretion from prokaryotic cells?

In bacteria, DNA will be found in ________.

A defect in which of the following intercellular junctions would allow partially digested material to leak passively between the cells of the small intestine into the abdominal cavity?

Which of the following are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells?

Vinblastine, a drug that inhibits microtubule polymerization, is used to treat some forms of cancer. Cancer cells given vinblastine would be unable to ________.

One primary advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that ________.

Thylakoids, DNA, and ribosomes are all components found in ________.

Which cell would be best for studying lysosomes?

A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is likely specialized to ________.

Which of the following would be most appropriate method to observe the three-dimensional structure and organization of microvilli on an intestinal cell?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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