Question 1

Visualize the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A)  C₃H₈ 
B)  C₂H₆ 
C)  C₂H₄ 
D)  C₂H₂ 
A)  C₃H₈ 
B)  C₂H₆ 
C)  C₂H₄ 
D)  C₂H₂

Question 2

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

Accepted Answer

A)  the presence or absence of bonds with oxygen atoms 
B)  the presence or absence of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms 
C)  the polarity of the covalent bonds between carbon and other atoms 
D)  the solvent in which the organic molecule is dissolved 
A)  the presence or absence of bonds with oxygen atoms 
B)  the presence or absence of double bonds between the carbon atom and other atoms 
C)  the polarity of the covalent bonds between carbon and other atoms 
D)  the solvent in which the organic molecule is dissolved

Question 3

The kind and number of bonds an atom can form depends on ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  its atomic number 
B)  its electron configuration 
C)  its atomic mass 
D)  the number of particles in its nucleus 
A)  its atomic number 
B)  its electron configuration 
C)  its atomic mass 
D)  the number of particles in its nucleus

Question 4

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbonyl and amino groups 
B)  carboxyl and amino groups 
C)  amino and sulfhydryl groups 
D)  hydroxyl and carboxyl groups 
A)  carbonyl and amino groups 
B)  carboxyl and amino groups 
C)  amino and sulfhydryl groups 
D)  hydroxyl and carboxyl groups

Question 5

Use the figures to answer the question.
A.

B.

C.

D.

Which molecule shown can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 6

Each bond in carbon dioxide represents ________.
O   C   O

Accepted Answer

A)  one resonating electron 
B)  a pair of shared electrons 
C)  two pairs of shared electrons 
D)  a pair of protons 
A)  one resonating electron 
B)  a pair of shared electrons 
C)  two pairs of shared electrons 
D)  a pair of protons

Question 7

Use the figures to answer the question.
A.

B.

C.

D.

Which molecule shown has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 8

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the chemical versatility of carbon atoms 
B)  the variety of rare elements in organic molecules 
C)  the diverse bonding patterns of nitrogen 
D)  their interaction with water 
A)  the chemical versatility of carbon atoms 
B)  the variety of rare elements in organic molecules 
C)  the diverse bonding patterns of nitrogen 
D)  their interaction with water

Question 9

Use the figures to answer the question.
A.

B.

C.

D.

Which molecule can be a result of mercaptoethanol reduction of a disulfide bridge?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 10

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments supported the hypothesis that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  life on Earth arose from simple inorganic molecules 
B)  organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth 
C)  life on Earth arose from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes 
D)  the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life 
A)  life on Earth arose from simple inorganic molecules 
B)  organic molecules can be synthesized abiotically under conditions that may have existed on early Earth 
C)  life on Earth arose from simple organic molecules, with energy from lightning and volcanoes 
D)  the conditions on early Earth were conducive to the origin of life

Question 11

In an ethane (C₂H₆)molecule, each carbon atom is bonded to ________ hydrogen atoms.

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  six 
A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  six

Question 12

Use the figure to answer the question.
 
Thalidomide and L-dopa (see figure)are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  have identical three-dimensional shapes 
B)  are mirror images of one another 
C)  are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity 
D)  are cis-trans isomers 
A)  have identical three-dimensional shapes 
B)  are mirror images of one another 
C)  are mirror images of one another and have the same biological activity 
D)  are cis-trans isomers

Question 13

Use the figures to answer the question.
A.

B.

C.

D.

Which molecule shown above can contribute negative charge when positioned in a chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 14

Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  carboxyl 
B)  sulfhydryl 
C)  hydroxyl 
D)  amino 
A)  carboxyl 
B)  sulfhydryl 
C)  hydroxyl 
D)  amino

Question 15

Use the figures to answer the question.

Which molecules shown contain a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A and B 
B)  B and C 
C)  B, C, and D 
D)  C and D 
A)  A and B 
B)  B and C 
C)  B, C, and D 
D)  C and D

Question 16

Which action could produce a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)  the replacement of the -OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen 
B)  the addition of a thiol to a hydroxyl 
C)  the addition of a hydroxyl to a phosphate 
D)  the replacement of the nitrogen of an amine with oxygen 
A)  the replacement of the -OH of a carboxyl group with hydrogen 
B)  the addition of a thiol to a hydroxyl 
C)  the addition of a hydroxyl to a phosphate 
D)  the replacement of the nitrogen of an amine with oxygen

Question 17

Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules:

Accepted Answer

A)  structural isomers 
B)  cis-trans isomers 
C)  enantiomers 
D)  isotopes 
A)  structural isomers 
B)  cis-trans isomers 
C)  enantiomers 
D)  isotopes

Question 18

Use the figures to answer the question.
A.

B.

C.

D.

Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that is a part of the molecule known as the "energy currency of living organisms"?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 19

Amino acids are acids because they always possess ________ as the functional group?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  phosphate 
A)  amino 
B)  carbonyl 
C)  carboxyl 
D)  phosphate

Question 20

Use the figures to answer the question.
A.

B.

C.

D.

Which molecule shown contains a carboxyl group?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

Visualize the structural formula of each of the following hydrocarbons. Which hydrocarbon has a double bond in its carbon skeleton?

What determines whether a carbon atom's covalent bonds to other atoms are in a tetrahedral configuration or a planar configuration?

The kind and number of bonds an atom can form depends on ________.

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Use the figures to answer the question. A. B. C. D. Which molecule shown can increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and is therefore an organic acid?

Each bond in carbon dioxide represents ________. O C O

Use the figures to answer the question. A. B. C. D. Which molecule shown has a carbonyl functional group in the form of an aldehyde?

The complexity and variety of organic molecules is due to ________.

Use the figures to answer the question. A. B. C. D. Which molecule can be a result of mercaptoethanol reduction of a disulfide bridge?

Stanley Miller's 1953 experiments supported the hypothesis that ________.

In an ethane (C₂H₆)molecule, each carbon atom is bonded to ________ hydrogen atoms.

Use the figure to answer the question. Thalidomide and L-dopa (see figure)are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that ________.

Use the figures to answer the question. A. B. C. D. Which molecule shown above can contribute negative charge when positioned in a chain?

Which functional group is not present in this molecule?

Use the figures to answer the question. Which molecules shown contain a carbonyl group?

Which action could produce a carbonyl group?

Choose the term that correctly describes the relationship between these two sugar molecules:

Use the figures to answer the question. A. B. C. D. Which molecule shown above contains a functional group that is a part of the molecule known as the "energy currency of living organisms"?

Amino acids are acids because they always possess ________ as the functional group?

Use the figures to answer the question. A. B. C. D. Which molecule shown contains a carboxyl group?

Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

DNA Tools and Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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