Question 1

The study of the effects of chemical, biological, and physical agents on the health of human populations is called:

Accepted Answer

A) toxicology 
B) ecology 
C) epidemiology 
D) chronic toxicity 
A) toxicology 
B) ecology 
C) epidemiology 
D) chronic toxicity C

Question 2

We measure toxicity by the dose at which adverse effects are produced. Which of the following statements about the dose of and response to toxic agents are true?

Accepted Answer

A) Lethal doses of particular toxicants for humans are known through doing laboratory tests on human subjects. 
B) Doses are expressed in milligrams of toxicant per kilogram of body weight. 
C) Sub-lethal doses usually produce acute toxicity whereas lethal doses produce chronic toxicity. 
D) Response to a dose depends only on the type of toxicant and not the age or health of the organism. 
A) Lethal doses of particular toxicants for humans are known through doing laboratory tests on human subjects. 
B) Doses are expressed in milligrams of toxicant per kilogram of body weight. 
C) Sub-lethal doses usually produce acute toxicity whereas lethal doses produce chronic toxicity. 
D) Response to a dose depends only on the type of toxicant and not the age or health of the organism. B

Question 3

What can be inferred from the graph below?

Accepted Answer

A) The biological response for both toxicants increases as the dose is increased. 
B) For both toxicants, a harmful response occurs only above a certain threshold level, that is different for each toxicant. 
C) Toxicant A has a lower effective dose-50 percent (ED50)than toxicant B. 
D) All of the above can be inferred from the graph. 
A) The biological response for both toxicants increases as the dose is increased. 
B) For both toxicants, a harmful response occurs only above a certain threshold level, that is different for each toxicant. 
C) Toxicant A has a lower effective dose-50 percent (ED50)than toxicant B. 
D) All of the above can be inferred from the graph. D

Question 4

What can be interpreted from the graph below?

Accepted Answer

A) Mexican-Americans, who make up a disproportionate fraction of agricultural workers in the United States, are at higher risk from pesticides than are other groups. 
B) The DDT blood level for Mexican-Americans is much higher than the rest of the population. 
C) Mexican-Americans are genetically pre-disposed to accumulate DDT in their blood.. 
D) Mexican-Americans are at a higher risk of developing cancer. 
A) Mexican-Americans, who make up a disproportionate fraction of agricultural workers in the United States, are at higher risk from pesticides than are other groups. 
B) The DDT blood level for Mexican-Americans is much higher than the rest of the population. 
C) Mexican-Americans are genetically pre-disposed to accumulate DDT in their blood.. 
D) Mexican-Americans are at a higher risk of developing cancer.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about children and chemical exposure is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Children are slightly less susceptible to chemicals than adults. 
B) The LD50 values are lower for children than adults. 
C) LD50 is determined for particular chemicals, independent of age and other variables. 
D) The ED50 for children is no different from that of adults. 
A) Children are slightly less susceptible to chemicals than adults. 
B) The LD50 values are lower for children than adults. 
C) LD50 is determined for particular chemicals, independent of age and other variables. 
D) The ED50 for children is no different from that of adults.

Question 6

Chemical A has a toxicity level of 1 and chemical B has a toxicity level of 2. If a mixture of the two chemicals has a toxicity level of 4, what can we say about the results of the mixture?

Accepted Answer

A) it was additive. 
B) it was synergistic. 
C) it was antagonistic. 
D) it was persistent. 
A) it was additive. 
B) it was synergistic. 
C) it was antagonistic. 
D) it was persistent.

Question 7

Which of the following characteristics caused DDT to have such a devastating impact on birds of prey like eagles?

Accepted Answer

A) Persistence 
B) bioaccumulation 
C) biomagnification 
D) all of these choices 
A) Persistence 
B) bioaccumulation 
C) biomagnification 
D) all of these choices

Question 8

What is a pandemic?

Accepted Answer

A) an acute disease 
B) a toxic disease 
C) a viral disease 
D) a global disease 
A) an acute disease 
B) a toxic disease 
C) a viral disease 
D) a global disease

Question 9

What is E. coli?

Accepted Answer

A) bacteria 
B) virus 
C) protozoa 
D) parasitic worm 
A) bacteria 
B) virus 
C) protozoa 
D) parasitic worm

Question 10

Who is an epidemiologist? Discuss the relationship between epidemiology and the environment. Use an example to support your discussion.

Accepted Answer

An epidemiologist is a scientist who stu

Question 11

Currently, toxicologists use to assign risk to mixtures of chemicals in risk assessment studies.

Accepted Answer

A) additivity 
B) synergy 
C) antagonism 
D) Persistence 
A) additivity 
B) synergy 
C) antagonism 
D) Persistence

Question 12

What phenomenon is illustrated by the diagram shown below?

Accepted Answer

A) bioaccumulation 
B) biomagnification 
C) persistence 
D) acute toxicity 
A) bioaccumulation 
B) biomagnification 
C) persistence 
D) acute toxicity

Question 13

The ___ and ___ were amended in response to the need to test chemicals for their potential to disrupt the endocrine system.

Accepted Answer

A) Endangered Species Act and Wilderness Act 
B) Safe Drinking Water Act and Food Quality Protection Act 
C) Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act 
D) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and Kyoto Protocol 
A) Endangered Species Act and Wilderness Act 
B) Safe Drinking Water Act and Food Quality Protection Act 
C) Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act 
D) Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants and Kyoto Protocol

Question 14

What is risk assessment and how is it performed? Explain the importance of risk assessment by using an example to show how the knowledge of risk assessment is important in making decisions.

Accepted Answer

Risk assessment is the qualitative and q

Question 15

The probability of harm occurring under certain circumstances is known as ________?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The probability of harm occurring under certain...

Question 16

The process of identifying, assessing, and reducing risk is called:

Accepted Answer

A) risk 
B) risk assessment 
C) risk management 
D) risk categorization 
A) risk 
B) risk assessment 
C) risk management 
D) risk categorization

Question 17

Chemicals with adverse effects are known as _________?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chemicals with adverse effects are known as...

Question 18

Infectious organisms include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites that cause disease.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Compare and contrast bioaccumulation and biological magnification.

Accepted Answer

When molecules of pesticide are not brok

Question 20

A chemical substance that is extremely stable and takes years to break down into a less toxic form would be considered to be:

Accepted Answer

A) Persistent 
B) bioaccumulating 
C) chronic 
D) biomagnified 
A) Persistent 
B) bioaccumulating 
C) chronic 
D) biomagnified

The study of the effects of chemical, biological, and physical agents on the health of human populations is called:

We measure toxicity by the dose at which adverse effects are produced. Which of the following statements about the dose of and response to toxic agents are true?

What can be inferred from the graph below?

What can be interpreted from the graph below?

Which of the following statements about children and chemical exposure is true?

Chemical A has a toxicity level of 1 and chemical B has a toxicity level of 2. If a mixture of the two chemicals has a toxicity level of 4, what can we say about the results of the mixture?

Which of the following characteristics caused DDT to have such a devastating impact on birds of prey like eagles?

What is a pandemic?

What is E. coli?

Who is an epidemiologist? Discuss the relationship between epidemiology and the environment. Use an example to support your discussion.

Currently, toxicologists use to assign risk to mixtures of chemicals in risk assessment studies.

What phenomenon is illustrated by the diagram shown below?

The _ and _ were amended in response to the need to test chemicals for their potential to disrupt the endocrine system.

What is risk assessment and how is it performed? Explain the importance of risk assessment by using an example to show how the knowledge of risk assessment is important in making decisions.

The probability of harm occurring under certain circumstances is known as ________?

The process of identifying, assessing, and reducing risk is called:

Chemicals with adverse effects are known as _________?

Infectious organisms include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites that cause disease.

Compare and contrast bioaccumulation and biological magnification.

A chemical substance that is extremely stable and takes years to break down into a less toxic form would be considered to be:

The Environmental Challenges We Face

Sustainability and Human Values

Environmental History, Politics, and Economics

How Ecosystems Work

Ecosystems and Evolution

Human Population Change and the Environment

Air and Air Pollution

Global Atmospheric Changes

Freshwater Resources and Water Pollution

The Ocean and Fisheries

Mineral and Soil Resources

Land Resources

Agriculture and Food Resources

Biodiversity and Conservation

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Nonrenewable Energy Resources

Renewable Energy Resources

Filters

Exam 4: Risk Analysis and Environmental Health Hazards

The study of the effects of chemical, biological, and physical agents on the health of human populations is called:

We measure toxicity by the dose at which adverse effects are produced. Which of the following statements about the dose of and response to toxic agents are true?

What can be inferred from the graph below?

What can be interpreted from the graph below?

Which of the following statements about children and chemical exposure is true?

Chemical A has a toxicity level of 1 and chemical B has a toxicity level of 2. If a mixture of the two chemicals has a toxicity level of 4, what can we say about the results of the mixture?

Which of the following characteristics caused DDT to have such a devastating impact on birds of prey like eagles?

What is a pandemic?

What is E. coli?

Who is an epidemiologist? Discuss the relationship between epidemiology and the environment. Use an example to support your discussion.

Currently, toxicologists use to assign risk to mixtures of chemicals in risk assessment studies.

What phenomenon is illustrated by the diagram shown below?

The ___ and ___ were amended in response to the need to test chemicals for their potential to disrupt the endocrine system.

What is risk assessment and how is it performed? Explain the importance of risk assessment by using an example to show how the knowledge of risk assessment is important in making decisions.

The probability of harm occurring under certain circumstances is known as ________?

The process of identifying, assessing, and reducing risk is called:

Chemicals with adverse effects are known as _________?

Infectious organisms include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasites that cause disease.

Compare and contrast bioaccumulation and biological magnification.

A chemical substance that is extremely stable and takes years to break down into a less toxic form would be considered to be:

The Environmental Challenges We Face

Sustainability and Human Values

Environmental History, Politics, and Economics

How Ecosystems Work

Ecosystems and Evolution

Human Population Change and the Environment

Air and Air Pollution

Global Atmospheric Changes

Freshwater Resources and Water Pollution

The Ocean and Fisheries

Mineral and Soil Resources

Land Resources

Agriculture and Food Resources

Biodiversity and Conservation

Solid and Hazardous Waste

Nonrenewable Energy Resources

Renewable Energy Resources

Filters

The _ and _ were amended in response to the need to test chemicals for their potential to disrupt the endocrine system.