Question 1

Which organization was founded in 1969 by psychologists who were interested in the legal system?

Accepted Answer

A)  American Association of Forensic Psychology (AAFP). 
B)  Association of Legal and Clinical Psychology (ALCP). 
C)  International Association of Legal Psychology (IALP). 
D)  American Psychology-Law Society (APLS). 
A)  American Association of Forensic Psychology (AAFP). 
B)  Association of Legal and Clinical Psychology (ALCP). 
C)  International Association of Legal Psychology (IALP). 
D)  American Psychology-Law Society (APLS). D

Question 2

The primary goal of psychological science is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  study the effects of laws on humans under various conditions. 
B)  regulate human behavior. 
C)  demonstrate how punishment works. 
D)  provide accurate explanations of human behavior. 
A)  study the effects of laws on humans under various conditions. 
B)  regulate human behavior. 
C)  demonstrate how punishment works. 
D)  provide accurate explanations of human behavior. D

Question 3

When psychology and law are discussed as embodying different cultures, the following underlying differences between the two fields are considered most important:

Accepted Answer

A)  peer-review practices and precedents. 
B)  goals, methods, and styles of inquiry. 
C)  burdens of proof and levels of adequacy. 
D)  levels of education required for practice. 
A)  peer-review practices and precedents. 
B)  goals, methods, and styles of inquiry. 
C)  burdens of proof and levels of adequacy. 
D)  levels of education required for practice. B

Question 4

The Daubert trilogy of cases impacts trial courts by:

Accepted Answer

A)  putting the burden of decisions about allowing expert testimony on trial judges. 
B)  demonstrating that judges understand social science research and methods. 
C)  making judges take statistics courses and regular refresher training. 
D)  proving scientific research is well understood by key actors in the legal system. 
A)  putting the burden of decisions about allowing expert testimony on trial judges. 
B)  demonstrating that judges understand social science research and methods. 
C)  making judges take statistics courses and regular refresher training. 
D)  proving scientific research is well understood by key actors in the legal system.

Question 5

According to the textbook, when writing amicus curiae briefs, it may be hard for psychologists to balance the goals of:

Accepted Answer

A)  science translation and advocacy. 
B)  authoritativeness and leniency. 
C)  speculation and deliberation. 
D)  reflectivity and action orientation. 
A)  science translation and advocacy. 
B)  authoritativeness and leniency. 
C)  speculation and deliberation. 
D)  reflectivity and action orientation.

Question 6

Legal realists:

Accepted Answer

A)  thought judicial decisions reflected principles found in nature. 
B)  felt judges used careful logic to arrive at a single correct decision in a particular case. 
C)  believed judges constructed the law through their interpretations of evidence and precedent. 
D)  showed little interest in applying social science research to the legal system. 
A)  thought judicial decisions reflected principles found in nature. 
B)  felt judges used careful logic to arrive at a single correct decision in a particular case. 
C)  believed judges constructed the law through their interpretations of evidence and precedent. 
D)  showed little interest in applying social science research to the legal system.

Question 7

The basis of the adversarial legal system is the belief that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the prosecution depends on the adverse nature of the case. 
B)  truth will emerge as a result of contest between opposing sides. 
C)  the defense depends on eyewitness testimony only. 
D)  the truth always prevails. 
A)  the prosecution depends on the adverse nature of the case. 
B)  truth will emerge as a result of contest between opposing sides. 
C)  the defense depends on eyewitness testimony only. 
D)  the truth always prevails.

Question 8

A psychologist testifying in court feels it is his responsibility to correctly and clearly present scientific findings, even if this may lead to an unfair verdict by the jury. According to Saks (1990), such an expert fulfills the role of:

Accepted Answer

A)  conduit-educator. 
B)  philosopher-advocate. 
C)  hired gun. 
D)  inadvertent influencer. 
A)  conduit-educator. 
B)  philosopher-advocate. 
C)  hired gun. 
D)  inadvertent influencer.

Question 9

Muller v. Oregon (1908) and Brown v. Board of Education (1954) are considered landmark cases in the history of forensic psychology because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  clarified the role of psychologists testifying as experts. 
B)  allowed psychologists to testify on insanity defense. 
C)  allowed women to get mandatory high school education. 
D)  signified the use of social science research in court rulings. 
A)  clarified the role of psychologists testifying as experts. 
B)  allowed psychologists to testify on insanity defense. 
C)  allowed women to get mandatory high school education. 
D)  signified the use of social science research in court rulings.

Question 10

Precedents can best be described as:

Accepted Answer

A)  legal cases that have established a rule later applied to other cases with similar issues. 
B)  past decisions dictating all future cases, regardless of how well the rule fits new cases. 
C)  reviews of facts in a case that occurred in a similar jurisdiction. 
D)  rulings on the matters that were applied to the same plaintiff or defendant in an earlier case. 
A)  legal cases that have established a rule later applied to other cases with similar issues. 
B)  past decisions dictating all future cases, regardless of how well the rule fits new cases. 
C)  reviews of facts in a case that occurred in a similar jurisdiction. 
D)  rulings on the matters that were applied to the same plaintiff or defendant in an earlier case.

Question 11

The knowledge and skills of cognitive psychologists might be most relevant for the legal system in which one of these cases?

Accepted Answer

A)  When selecting jurors potentially sympathetic to the defendant. 
B)  When assessing a mentally ill defendant for potential risk of violence. 
C)  When deciding whether the eyewitness is able to remember the scene of crime. 
D)  When evaluating which custody arrangement will most benefit the child. 
A)  When selecting jurors potentially sympathetic to the defendant. 
B)  When assessing a mentally ill defendant for potential risk of violence. 
C)  When deciding whether the eyewitness is able to remember the scene of crime. 
D)  When evaluating which custody arrangement will most benefit the child.

Question 12

The text mentions several impactful ways for scientists to influence the legal system. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Accepted Answer

A)  Disseminating the knowledge gained from research studies by describing them in popular press like Time magazine. 
B)  Participating in continuing education programs that judges and lawyers are required to attend. 
C)  Lobbying legislators to pass laws requiring the testimony of psychologists at every trial. 
D)  Making scientific findings easy to understand and accessible to the public. 
A)  Disseminating the knowledge gained from research studies by describing them in popular press like Time magazine. 
B)  Participating in continuing education programs that judges and lawyers are required to attend. 
C)  Lobbying legislators to pass laws requiring the testimony of psychologists at every trial. 
D)  Making scientific findings easy to understand and accessible to the public.

Question 13

The Daubert standard of admissibility _____, so two different judges _____ about whether the proposed expert testimony meets the Daubert standard.

Accepted Answer

A)  is exceptionally clear and straightforward; would easily agree 
B)  leaves plenty of room for interpretation; may disagree 
C)  can be misinterpreted easily; may have to ask for an appellate review 
D)  is reasonably understandable; can often arrive at the same conclusion 
A)  is exceptionally clear and straightforward; would easily agree 
B)  leaves plenty of room for interpretation; may disagree 
C)  can be misinterpreted easily; may have to ask for an appellate review 
D)  is reasonably understandable; can often arrive at the same conclusion

Question 14

Get-tough interventions like Scared Straight and boot camps have been found:

Accepted Answer

A)  extremely effective in reducing recidivism. 
B)  not to work and even backfire. 
C)  promising but in need of further evaluations. 
D)  not to be amenable to evaluation. 
A)  extremely effective in reducing recidivism. 
B)  not to work and even backfire. 
C)  promising but in need of further evaluations. 
D)  not to be amenable to evaluation.

Question 15

Research presented in Chapter 1 suggests that most state court judges _____ their gatekeeping role established in Daubert _____ adequately define the four guidelines for admissibility.

Accepted Answer

A)  relinquish; because they cannot 
B)  support; and they can 
C)  do not support; though they can 
D)  support; whereas they cannot 
A)  relinquish; because they cannot 
B)  support; and they can 
C)  do not support; though they can 
D)  support; whereas they cannot

Question 16

According to the text, psychology ____, whereas the legal system _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  emphasizes the characteristics of groups; emphasizes individual cases 
B)  emphasizes individual cases; emphasizes the characteristics of groups 
C)  applies abstract principles; understands the general nature of humans 
D)  develops legal protocol; generalizes the details of a case 
A)  emphasizes the characteristics of groups; emphasizes individual cases 
B)  emphasizes individual cases; emphasizes the characteristics of groups 
C)  applies abstract principles; understands the general nature of humans 
D)  develops legal protocol; generalizes the details of a case

Question 17

_____ tells us how people actually behave, whereas _____ tells us how people are supposed to behave.

Accepted Answer

A)  Law; psychology 
B)  Psychology; law 
C)  Science; inquiry 
D)  Inquiry; science 
A)  Law; psychology 
B)  Psychology; law 
C)  Science; inquiry 
D)  Inquiry; science

Question 18

Psychologists as evaluators are most likely to be doing research to answer the following question:

Accepted Answer

A)  Who committed the crime? 
B)  Can laws be improved? 
C)  Does the policy or program work? 
D)  Is the lawyer using an effective trial strategy? 
A)  Who committed the crime? 
B)  Can laws be improved? 
C)  Does the policy or program work? 
D)  Is the lawyer using an effective trial strategy?

Question 19

The _____ approach treats laws as being actively constructed by judges as serving social policy goals, whereas _____ treats laws as evolved to reflect the principles found in nature.

Accepted Answer

A)  legal objectivism; environmental law 
B)  environmental law; legal objectivism 
C)  legal realism; "natural law" 
D)  "natural law"; legal realism 
A)  legal objectivism; environmental law 
B)  environmental law; legal objectivism 
C)  legal realism; "natural law" 
D)  "natural law"; legal realism

Question 20

For a reasonable evaluation of the scientific validity of a potential expert testimony, one needs to have sufficient understanding of:

Accepted Answer

A)  court proceedings. 
B)  jury instructions. 
C)  research methods. 
D)  legal terminology. 
A)  court proceedings. 
B)  jury instructions. 
C)  research methods. 
D)  legal terminology.

Which organization was founded in 1969 by psychologists who were interested in the legal system?

The primary goal of psychological science is to:

When psychology and law are discussed as embodying different cultures, the following underlying differences between the two fields are considered most important:

The Daubert trilogy of cases impacts trial courts by:

According to the textbook, when writing amicus curiae briefs, it may be hard for psychologists to balance the goals of:

Legal realists:

The basis of the adversarial legal system is the belief that:

A psychologist testifying in court feels it is his responsibility to correctly and clearly present scientific findings, even if this may lead to an unfair verdict by the jury. According to Saks (1990), such an expert fulfills the role of:

Muller v. Oregon (1908) and Brown v. Board of Education (1954) are considered landmark cases in the history of forensic psychology because they:

Precedents can best be described as:

The knowledge and skills of cognitive psychologists might be most relevant for the legal system in which one of these cases?

The text mentions several impactful ways for scientists to influence the legal system. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

The Daubert standard of admissibility _, so two different judges _ about whether the proposed expert testimony meets the Daubert standard.

Get-tough interventions like Scared Straight and boot camps have been found:

Research presented in Chapter 1 suggests that most state court judges _ their gatekeeping role established in Daubert _ adequately define the four guidelines for admissibility.

According to the text, psychology , whereas the legal system _.

_ tells us how people actually behave, whereas _ tells us how people are supposed to behave.

Psychologists as evaluators are most likely to be doing research to answer the following question:

The _ approach treats laws as being actively constructed by judges as serving social policy goals, whereas _ treats laws as evolved to reflect the principles found in nature.

For a reasonable evaluation of the scientific validity of a potential expert testimony, one needs to have sufficient understanding of:

Presents Several Potential Solutions to the Problem of False Confessions Which of the Following Is Not One of These Solutions

Lie Detection

The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Competency to Stand Trial

Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

The Insanity Defense

Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Child Custody Disputes

Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

The Death Penalty

Filters

Exam 1: Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Which organization was founded in 1969 by psychologists who were interested in the legal system?

The primary goal of psychological science is to:

When psychology and law are discussed as embodying different cultures, the following underlying differences between the two fields are considered most important:

The Daubert trilogy of cases impacts trial courts by:

According to the textbook, when writing amicus curiae briefs, it may be hard for psychologists to balance the goals of:

Legal realists:

The basis of the adversarial legal system is the belief that:

A psychologist testifying in court feels it is his responsibility to correctly and clearly present scientific findings, even if this may lead to an unfair verdict by the jury. According to Saks (1990), such an expert fulfills the role of:

Muller v. Oregon (1908) and Brown v. Board of Education (1954) are considered landmark cases in the history of forensic psychology because they:

Precedents can best be described as:

The knowledge and skills of cognitive psychologists might be most relevant for the legal system in which one of these cases?

The text mentions several impactful ways for scientists to influence the legal system. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

The Daubert standard of admissibility _____, so two different judges _____ about whether the proposed expert testimony meets the Daubert standard.

Get-tough interventions like Scared Straight and boot camps have been found:

Research presented in Chapter 1 suggests that most state court judges _____ their gatekeeping role established in Daubert _____ adequately define the four guidelines for admissibility.

According to the text, psychology ____, whereas the legal system _____.

_____ tells us how people actually behave, whereas _____ tells us how people are supposed to behave.

Psychologists as evaluators are most likely to be doing research to answer the following question:

The _____ approach treats laws as being actively constructed by judges as serving social policy goals, whereas _____ treats laws as evolved to reflect the principles found in nature.

For a reasonable evaluation of the scientific validity of a potential expert testimony, one needs to have sufficient understanding of:

Presents Several Potential Solutions to the Problem of False Confessions Which of the Following Is Not One of These Solutions

Lie Detection

The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Competency to Stand Trial

Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

The Insanity Defense

Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Child Custody Disputes

Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

The Death Penalty

Filters

The Daubert standard of admissibility _, so two different judges _ about whether the proposed expert testimony meets the Daubert standard.

Research presented in Chapter 1 suggests that most state court judges _ their gatekeeping role established in Daubert _ adequately define the four guidelines for admissibility.

According to the text, psychology , whereas the legal system _.

_ tells us how people actually behave, whereas _ tells us how people are supposed to behave.

The _ approach treats laws as being actively constructed by judges as serving social policy goals, whereas _ treats laws as evolved to reflect the principles found in nature.