Question 1

The requirement that criminals receive an extended or life sentence when convicted of a third felony is commonly called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  repeat-offender guideline. 
B)  career-criminal sentencing rule. 
C)  three-time loser rule. 
D)  three-strikes laws. 
A)  repeat-offender guideline. 
B)  career-criminal sentencing rule. 
C)  three-time loser rule. 
D)  three-strikes laws.

Question 2

Several factors have been boosting prison populations across the United States. Which one of the following factors is not among them?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased imprisonment of juveniles. 
B)  War on drugs. 
C)  Mandatory sentencing and three-strikes laws. 
D)  Increased use of alternatives to incarceration. 
A)  Increased imprisonment of juveniles. 
B)  War on drugs. 
C)  Mandatory sentencing and three-strikes laws. 
D)  Increased use of alternatives to incarceration.

Question 3

Studies find that there are several factors that lead to disparities in sentencing decisions. Which one of the following is NOT among these factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Male judges give significantly lighter sentences to women than to men. 
B)  For violent crimes, women receive shorter sentences than men. 
C)  African American male juveniles receive harsher sentences in politically conservative jurisdictions. 
D)  Young Hispanic men are least likely to be incarcerated for their crimes. 
A)  Male judges give significantly lighter sentences to women than to men. 
B)  For violent crimes, women receive shorter sentences than men. 
C)  African American male juveniles receive harsher sentences in politically conservative jurisdictions. 
D)  Young Hispanic men are least likely to be incarcerated for their crimes.

Question 4

The assimilation of new inmates into the values system, norms, and language of prison is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  prisonization. 
B)  deinstitutionalization effect. 
C)  incarceration manner. 
D)  integrating into the system. 
A)  prisonization. 
B)  deinstitutionalization effect. 
C)  incarceration manner. 
D)  integrating into the system.

Question 5

Three-strikes laws are a version of _____. Three-strikes laws mean that repeat offenders receive a(n) _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  sentencing guidelines; extended or life sentence when convicted of a third felony 
B)  sentencing guidelines; triple sentence for their most recent offense 
C)  mandatory sentencing; extended or life sentence when convicted of a third felony 
D)  mandatory sentencing; triple sentence for their most recent offense 
A)  sentencing guidelines; extended or life sentence when convicted of a third felony 
B)  sentencing guidelines; triple sentence for their most recent offense 
C)  mandatory sentencing; extended or life sentence when convicted of a third felony 
D)  mandatory sentencing; triple sentence for their most recent offense

Question 6

Containing criminals to render them unable to harm others outside of the prison is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  specific deterrence. 
B)  incapacitation. 
C)  retribution. 
D)  general deterrence. 
A)  specific deterrence. 
B)  incapacitation. 
C)  retribution. 
D)  general deterrence.

Question 7

After the American Revolution, a movement to change how criminals were punished began, in an attempt to move away from laws that had been established in England. Instead of beating and killing, the new country decided to rely on:

Accepted Answer

A)  incarceration. 
B)  public shaming. 
C)  electric shock. 
D)  hanging. 
A)  incarceration. 
B)  public shaming. 
C)  electric shock. 
D)  hanging.

Question 8

Since the early 1990s, the United States has experienced a dramatic drop in both violent and property crimes. Despite this drop:

Accepted Answer

A)  our high rate of incarceration persists. 
B)  no prisoners were released since then. 
C)  all U.S. prisons are still overcrowded. 
D)  the U.S. has been building new prisons at an increasing rate. 
A)  our high rate of incarceration persists. 
B)  no prisoners were released since then. 
C)  all U.S. prisons are still overcrowded. 
D)  the U.S. has been building new prisons at an increasing rate.

Question 9

Several U.S. states have very high incarceration rates. Which one is not among them?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mississippi 
B)  Louisiana 
C)  New York 
D)  Texas 
A)  Mississippi 
B)  Louisiana 
C)  New York 
D)  Texas

Question 10

According to the text, a comprehensive study of juveniles sentenced to life in prison has found all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Life sentences were most likely for African American juveniles. 
B)  Life sentences were most likely for mentally disturbed juveniles. 
C)  Life sentences were most likely when the judge was elected rather than appointed. 
D)  Life sentences were most likely in politically conservative jurisdictions. 
A)  Life sentences were most likely for African American juveniles. 
B)  Life sentences were most likely for mentally disturbed juveniles. 
C)  Life sentences were most likely when the judge was elected rather than appointed. 
D)  Life sentences were most likely in politically conservative jurisdictions.

Question 11

Sentencing is not necessarily clear-cut. According to the text, criminal behaviors that can be attributed to stable, controllable causes appear to receive the _____ punishment.

Accepted Answer

A)  lightest 
B)  three-strikes 
C)  mandatory 
D)  harshest 
A)  lightest 
B)  three-strikes 
C)  mandatory 
D)  harshest

Question 12

Based on a large study of federal sentencing, all of the following categories of people have been found to get harsher sentences, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Hispanics. 
B)  African Americans. 
C)  males. 
D)  older defendants. 
A)  Hispanics. 
B)  African Americans. 
C)  males. 
D)  older defendants.

Question 13

It is estimated that about _____ of inmates suffer from a serious mental illness like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression. A decision on whether they receive treatment for it is typically made by the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  14%; sentencing judge 
B)  14%; prison warden 
C)  92%; sentencing judge 
D)  92%; prison warden 
A)  14%; sentencing judge 
B)  14%; prison warden 
C)  92%; sentencing judge 
D)  92%; prison warden

Question 14

In cases of violent crimes, men and women appear to be equally likely to be sent to prison. However, research indicates that men receive _____ sentences.

Accepted Answer

A)  substantially shorter 
B)  slightly shorter 
C)  substantially longer 
D)  slightly longer 
A)  substantially shorter 
B)  slightly shorter 
C)  substantially longer 
D)  slightly longer

Question 15

Prisons generally hold criminals:

Accepted Answer

A)  for long periods of time. 
B)  for short periods of time. 
C)  until they receive a hearing. 
D)  while they await trial. 
A)  for long periods of time. 
B)  for short periods of time. 
C)  until they receive a hearing. 
D)  while they await trial.

Question 16

Studies show that prisons may have a(n) _____ effect. When comparable groups of offenders are tracked, those sentenced to prison are _____ likely to recidivate than those sentenced to probation.

Accepted Answer

A)  criminogenic; more 
B)  taming; less 
C)  null; no more or less 
D)  uncertain; sometimes more and sometimes less 
A)  criminogenic; more 
B)  taming; less 
C)  null; no more or less 
D)  uncertain; sometimes more and sometimes less

Question 17

In the early 1800s, a move away from attributing a religious cause to criminal behavior, such as individuals _____, occurred. The more secular approach recognized that the cause might _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  choosing unwisely; reside with society as well 
B)  choosing unwisely; be innate 
C)  being born evil; reside with society as well 
D)  being born evil; be related to poor individual choices 
A)  choosing unwisely; reside with society as well 
B)  choosing unwisely; be innate 
C)  being born evil; reside with society as well 
D)  being born evil; be related to poor individual choices

Question 18

Prisons were formed to change criminals into productive members of society. However, this goal is at odds with the other goals of imprisonment, such as retribution and incapacitation. According to the text, failure to improve the social skills of criminals, as well as the generally unpleasant nature of prisons, often leaves ex-convicts:

Accepted Answer

A)  ill trained but less violent. 
B)  more able to exercise self-control. 
C)  more sedate and thoughtful. 
D)  angrier and more aggressive. 
A)  ill trained but less violent. 
B)  more able to exercise self-control. 
C)  more sedate and thoughtful. 
D)  angrier and more aggressive.

Question 19

There are several alternatives to incarceration such as restitution, probation, house arrest, residential community corrections centers, among other options. All of the following statements are true about alternatives to incarceration, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Alternatives are much cheaper for the taxpayers than incarceration. 
B)  Imprisonment may make offenders more likely to commit crimes. 
C)  Alternatives help first-time and minor offenders to avoid the stigma of imprisonment. 
D)  Alternatives to incarceration are more traumatizing than imprisonment. 
A)  Alternatives are much cheaper for the taxpayers than incarceration. 
B)  Imprisonment may make offenders more likely to commit crimes. 
C)  Alternatives help first-time and minor offenders to avoid the stigma of imprisonment. 
D)  Alternatives to incarceration are more traumatizing than imprisonment.

Question 20

If a judge thinks that imprisonment is too harsh of a sentence for a certain offender, while probation is not structured enough, the offender can be sentenced to:

Accepted Answer

A)  pay a restitution. 
B)  parole. 
C)  a half-way house. 
D)  a psychiatric facility. 
A)  pay a restitution. 
B)  parole. 
C)  a half-way house. 
D)  a psychiatric facility.

The requirement that criminals receive an extended or life sentence when convicted of a third felony is commonly called the:

Several factors have been boosting prison populations across the United States. Which one of the following factors is not among them?

Studies find that there are several factors that lead to disparities in sentencing decisions. Which one of the following is NOT among these factors?

The assimilation of new inmates into the values system, norms, and language of prison is referred to as:

Three-strikes laws are a version of _. Three-strikes laws mean that repeat offenders receive a(n) _.

Containing criminals to render them unable to harm others outside of the prison is referred to as:

After the American Revolution, a movement to change how criminals were punished began, in an attempt to move away from laws that had been established in England. Instead of beating and killing, the new country decided to rely on:

Since the early 1990s, the United States has experienced a dramatic drop in both violent and property crimes. Despite this drop:

Several U.S. states have very high incarceration rates. Which one is not among them?

According to the text, a comprehensive study of juveniles sentenced to life in prison has found all of the following, EXCEPT:

Sentencing is not necessarily clear-cut. According to the text, criminal behaviors that can be attributed to stable, controllable causes appear to receive the _____ punishment.

Based on a large study of federal sentencing, all of the following categories of people have been found to get harsher sentences, EXCEPT:

It is estimated that about _ of inmates suffer from a serious mental illness like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression. A decision on whether they receive treatment for it is typically made by the _.

In cases of violent crimes, men and women appear to be equally likely to be sent to prison. However, research indicates that men receive _____ sentences.

Prisons generally hold criminals:

Studies show that prisons may have a(n) _ effect. When comparable groups of offenders are tracked, those sentenced to prison are _ likely to recidivate than those sentenced to probation.

In the early 1800s, a move away from attributing a religious cause to criminal behavior, such as individuals _, occurred. The more secular approach recognized that the cause might _.

There are several alternatives to incarceration such as restitution, probation, house arrest, residential community corrections centers, among other options. All of the following statements are true about alternatives to incarceration, EXCEPT:

If a judge thinks that imprisonment is too harsh of a sentence for a certain offender, while probation is not structured enough, the offender can be sentenced to:

Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Presents Several Potential Solutions to the Problem of False Confessions Which of the Following Is Not One of These Solutions

Lie Detection

The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Competency to Stand Trial

Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

The Insanity Defense

Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Child Custody Disputes

Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

The Death Penalty

Filters

Exam 16: Corrections: Sentencing, Imprisonment, and Alternatives

The requirement that criminals receive an extended or life sentence when convicted of a third felony is commonly called the:

Several factors have been boosting prison populations across the United States. Which one of the following factors is not among them?

Studies find that there are several factors that lead to disparities in sentencing decisions. Which one of the following is NOT among these factors?

The assimilation of new inmates into the values system, norms, and language of prison is referred to as:

Three-strikes laws are a version of _____. Three-strikes laws mean that repeat offenders receive a(n) _____.

Containing criminals to render them unable to harm others outside of the prison is referred to as:

After the American Revolution, a movement to change how criminals were punished began, in an attempt to move away from laws that had been established in England. Instead of beating and killing, the new country decided to rely on:

Since the early 1990s, the United States has experienced a dramatic drop in both violent and property crimes. Despite this drop:

Several U.S. states have very high incarceration rates. Which one is not among them?

According to the text, a comprehensive study of juveniles sentenced to life in prison has found all of the following, EXCEPT:

Sentencing is not necessarily clear-cut. According to the text, criminal behaviors that can be attributed to stable, controllable causes appear to receive the _____ punishment.

Based on a large study of federal sentencing, all of the following categories of people have been found to get harsher sentences, EXCEPT:

It is estimated that about _____ of inmates suffer from a serious mental illness like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression. A decision on whether they receive treatment for it is typically made by the _____.

In cases of violent crimes, men and women appear to be equally likely to be sent to prison. However, research indicates that men receive _____ sentences.

Prisons generally hold criminals:

Studies show that prisons may have a(n) _____ effect. When comparable groups of offenders are tracked, those sentenced to prison are _____ likely to recidivate than those sentenced to probation.

In the early 1800s, a move away from attributing a religious cause to criminal behavior, such as individuals _____, occurred. The more secular approach recognized that the cause might _____.

There are several alternatives to incarceration such as restitution, probation, house arrest, residential community corrections centers, among other options. All of the following statements are true about alternatives to incarceration, EXCEPT:

If a judge thinks that imprisonment is too harsh of a sentence for a certain offender, while probation is not structured enough, the offender can be sentenced to:

Psychology and Law: a Cautious Alliance

Presents Several Potential Solutions to the Problem of False Confessions Which of the Following Is Not One of These Solutions

Lie Detection

The Psychology of Forensic Identification: Dna, Fingerprints, and Physical Trace Evidence

Criminal Profiling and Psychological Autopsies

Child Sexual Abuse: Interviewing Children and the Recovered Memories of Adults

Eyewitness Identification and Testimony

Competency to Stand Trial

Jury Selection and Trial Procedure

The Insanity Defense

Battered Woman Syndrome, Rape Trauma Syndrome, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Juries and Judges As Decision Makers

Child Custody Disputes

Workplace Law: Harassment, Discrimination, and Fairness

Predicting Violent Behavior: the Psychology of Risk Assessment

The Death Penalty

Filters

Three-strikes laws are a version of _. Three-strikes laws mean that repeat offenders receive a(n) _.

It is estimated that about _ of inmates suffer from a serious mental illness like schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression. A decision on whether they receive treatment for it is typically made by the _.

Studies show that prisons may have a(n) _ effect. When comparable groups of offenders are tracked, those sentenced to prison are _ likely to recidivate than those sentenced to probation.

In the early 1800s, a move away from attributing a religious cause to criminal behavior, such as individuals _, occurred. The more secular approach recognized that the cause might _.