Question 1

An advantage of testing for toxicity by exposing animals to chemicals is that using animals is

Accepted Answer

A)  Cheaper than other methods 
B)  Faster than other methods 
C)  Usually quite humane 
D)  Easier than using computer models 
E)  A trusted and usually reliable way to get results 
A)  Cheaper than other methods 
B)  Faster than other methods 
C)  Usually quite humane 
D)  Easier than using computer models 
E)  A trusted and usually reliable way to get results

Question 2

Bioaccumulation is a term that describes the way cells

Accepted Answer

A)  Grow as they absorb all types of molecules 
B)  Selectively absorb and store molecules 
C)  Accumulate food stores as fat 
D)  Metabolize compounds that are absorbed 
E)  Allow water-soluble compounds to pass through membranes 
A)  Grow as they absorb all types of molecules 
B)  Selectively absorb and store molecules 
C)  Accumulate food stores as fat 
D)  Metabolize compounds that are absorbed 
E)  Allow water-soluble compounds to pass through membranes

Question 3

Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are closely linked to

Accepted Answer

A)  Emotional stress 
B)  Malnutrition 
C)  Toxicity effects 
D)  The overconsumption of fats 
E)  All of these exacerbate infectious diseases such as diarrhea 
A)  Emotional stress 
B)  Malnutrition 
C)  Toxicity effects 
D)  The overconsumption of fats 
E)  All of these exacerbate infectious diseases such as diarrhea

Question 4

The saying "the dose makes the poison" means that

Accepted Answer

A)  Almost nothing is toxic at low levels 
B)  Nearly anything can be toxic at some level 
C)  Some things are more poisonous than other things 
D)  Toxic materials are measured in doses of lethal amounts 
E)  All things are equally poisonous at equal doses 
A)  Almost nothing is toxic at low levels 
B)  Nearly anything can be toxic at some level 
C)  Some things are more poisonous than other things 
D)  Toxic materials are measured in doses of lethal amounts 
E)  All things are equally poisonous at equal doses

Question 5

Neurotoxins act by

Accepted Answer

A)  Disrupting nerve cells 
B)  Altering genetic material 
C)  Repressing the immune system 
D)  Disrupting normal hormone functions 
E)  Causing abnormalities in nervous tissue during embryonic growth and development 
A)  Disrupting nerve cells 
B)  Altering genetic material 
C)  Repressing the immune system 
D)  Disrupting normal hormone functions 
E)  Causing abnormalities in nervous tissue during embryonic growth and development

Question 6

All hazardous materials are toxic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The World Health Organization regards health as primarily a matter of ________ well-being.

Accepted Answer

A)  Physical 
B)  Mental and physical 
C)  Social and mental 
D)  Physical, mental, and social 
E)  Physical and social 
A)  Physical 
B)  Mental and physical 
C)  Social and mental 
D)  Physical, mental, and social 
E)  Physical and social

Question 8

A chemical interaction in which one substance exacerbates the effects of another is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  A persistent reaction 
B)  A bioaccumulation 
C)  An antagonistic reaction 
D)  Synergism 
E)  Metabolic degradation 
A)  A persistent reaction 
B)  A bioaccumulation 
C)  An antagonistic reaction 
D)  Synergism 
E)  Metabolic degradation

Question 9

Pathogens

Accepted Answer

A)  include all disease-causing organisms. 
B)  include only bacteria and viruses. 
C)  are anything causing death and disease including toxic chemicals. 
D)  are those disease causing agents for which medicines do not exist. 
A)  include all disease-causing organisms. 
B)  include only bacteria and viruses. 
C)  are anything causing death and disease including toxic chemicals. 
D)  are those disease causing agents for which medicines do not exist.

Question 10

Diseases usually develop in response to _______ factors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nutritional and diet 
B)  Infectious or toxic 
C)  Physical 
D)  Psychological stress 
E)  All of these are correct 
A)  Nutritional and diet 
B)  Infectious or toxic 
C)  Physical 
D)  Psychological stress 
E)  All of these are correct

Question 11

Endocrine disruptors

Accepted Answer

A)  Disrupt nerve cells 
B)  Alter genetic material 
C)  Repress the immune system 
D)  Disrupt normal hormone functions 
E)  Cause abnormalities in nervous tissue during embryonic growth and development 
A)  Disrupt nerve cells 
B)  Alter genetic material 
C)  Repress the immune system 
D)  Disrupt normal hormone functions 
E)  Cause abnormalities in nervous tissue during embryonic growth and development

Question 12

Allergens are substances that

Accepted Answer

A)  Repress the immune system 
B)  Stimulate the nervous system 
C)  Prevent oxygen uptake 
D)  Activate the immune system 
E)  Interfere with oxygen uptake 
A)  Repress the immune system 
B)  Stimulate the nervous system 
C)  Prevent oxygen uptake 
D)  Activate the immune system 
E)  Interfere with oxygen uptake

Question 13

As a society, we usually focus attention on health risks that are

Accepted Answer

A)  Most serious 
B)  Easiest to clean up 
C)  Most well publicized and frightening 
D)  Statistically more likely to occur 
E)  All of these receive equal money and attention 
A)  Most serious 
B)  Easiest to clean up 
C)  Most well publicized and frightening 
D)  Statistically more likely to occur 
E)  All of these receive equal money and attention

Question 14

How many substances is the EPA responsible for monitoring?

Accepted Answer

A)  500 
B)  1,000 
C)  275 
D)  657 
A)  500 
B)  1,000 
C)  275 
D)  657

Question 15

The DALY combines premature deaths and loss of healthy lives resulting from illness or injury.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

If solubility is an important characteristic in toxic material movement in the environment and body, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water-soluble compounds require carriers to enter cells. 
B)  Oil-soluble compounds readily damage kidneys. 
C)  Water-soluble compounds move slowly in the environment. 
D)  Oil-soluble compounds accumulate in the body. 
E)  Solubility is not an important characteristic in toxic material movement. 
A)  Water-soluble compounds require carriers to enter cells. 
B)  Oil-soluble compounds readily damage kidneys. 
C)  Water-soluble compounds move slowly in the environment. 
D)  Oil-soluble compounds accumulate in the body. 
E)  Solubility is not an important characteristic in toxic material movement.

Question 17

Which of the following practices contributes the least to antibiotic or pesticide resistance?

Accepted Answer

A)  Domestic farm animals are fed low doses of antibiotics to increase weight gain. 
B)  A person takes the full course of the appropriate antibiotic when she has a viral infection. 
C)  A person takes the full course of the appropriate antibiotic when she has a bacterial infection. 
D)  A person takes an anti-malarial drug when he does not have malaria. 
E)  Mosquito populations in the tropics have been sprayed with DDT for about 50 years. 
A)  Domestic farm animals are fed low doses of antibiotics to increase weight gain. 
B)  A person takes the full course of the appropriate antibiotic when she has a viral infection. 
C)  A person takes the full course of the appropriate antibiotic when she has a bacterial infection. 
D)  A person takes an anti-malarial drug when he does not have malaria. 
E)  Mosquito populations in the tropics have been sprayed with DDT for about 50 years.

Question 18

Fetal alcohol syndrome is caused by exposure to a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurotoxin 
B)  Mutagen 
C)  Antigen 
D)  Teratogen 
E)  Allergen 
A)  Neurotoxin 
B)  Mutagen 
C)  Antigen 
D)  Teratogen 
E)  Allergen

Question 19

One positive aspect of the current state of world diseases is that domestic animals and wildlife are not experiencing epidemics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Carcinogens are substances that cause

Accepted Answer

A)  A sensitized reaction 
B)  Out-of-control cell growth and tumors 
C)  Birth defects 
D)  Immune responses 
E)  Carcinogens can cause all of these reactions 
A)  A sensitized reaction 
B)  Out-of-control cell growth and tumors 
C)  Birth defects 
D)  Immune responses 
E)  Carcinogens can cause all of these reactions

Exam 8: Environmental Health and Toxicology

An advantage of testing for toxicity by exposing animals to chemicals is that using animals is

Bioaccumulation is a term that describes the way cells

Infectious diseases such as diarrhea are closely linked to

The saying "the dose makes the poison" means that

Neurotoxins act by

All hazardous materials are toxic.

The World Health Organization regards health as primarily a matter of ________ well-being.

A chemical interaction in which one substance exacerbates the effects of another is termed

Pathogens

Diseases usually develop in response to _______ factors.

Endocrine disruptors

Allergens are substances that

As a society, we usually focus attention on health risks that are

How many substances is the EPA responsible for monitoring?

The DALY combines premature deaths and loss of healthy lives resulting from illness or injury.

If solubility is an important characteristic in toxic material movement in the environment and body, which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following practices contributes the least to antibiotic or pesticide resistance?

Fetal alcohol syndrome is caused by exposure to a(n)

One positive aspect of the current state of world diseases is that domestic animals and wildlife are not experiencing epidemics.

Carcinogens are substances that cause

Understanding Our Environment

Principles of Science and Systems

Matter, Energy, and Life

Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions

Biomes: Global Patterns of Life

Population Biology

Human Populations

Food and Hunger

Farming: Conventional and Sustainable Practices

Biodiversity: Preserving Species

Biodiversity: Preserving Landscapes

Restoration Ecology

Geology and Earth Resources

Climate Change

Air Pollution

Water Use and Management

Water Pollution

Conventional Energy

Sustainable Energy

Solid, Toxic, and Hazardous Waste

Urbanization and Sustainable Cities

Ecological Economics

Environmental Policy, Law, and Planning

What Then Shall We Do

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