Question 1

What is the science that examines the relationship between the spatial patterns and ecological processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Systems ecology 
B)  Biology 
C)  Conservation biology 
D)  Landscape ecology 
A)  Systems ecology 
B)  Biology 
C)  Conservation biology 
D)  Landscape ecology D

Question 2

The world land use pie graph shown here lets you know

Accepted Answer

A)  How many hectares are devoted to each type of land use 
B)  Approximately what proportion of earth's land surface is used in each of the four ways 
C)  The relative amounts of land use for different parts of the world 
D)  Precisely what percentage of land uses exist 
E)  Approximately what proportion of the earth's biomes are used in each of the four ways 
A)  How many hectares are devoted to each type of land use 
B)  Approximately what proportion of earth's land surface is used in each of the four ways 
C)  The relative amounts of land use for different parts of the world 
D)  Precisely what percentage of land uses exist 
E)  Approximately what proportion of the earth's biomes are used in each of the four ways B

Question 3

Most public rangelands are in poor condition due to

Accepted Answer

A)  Excessive populations of wild ungulates 
B)  Overcrowding of private livestock 
C)  Too many publicly-owned animals on public lands 
D)  Excessive urban settlement in the west 
E)  The lack of water 
A)  Excessive populations of wild ungulates 
B)  Overcrowding of private livestock 
C)  Too many publicly-owned animals on public lands 
D)  Excessive urban settlement in the west 
E)  The lack of water B

Question 4

A large portion of industrial timber comes from managed, replanted forests in North America and Europe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

India's Chipko Andolan movement

Accepted Answer

A)  Saved a large portion of forests in watersheds 
B)  Failed to actually save any forests 
C)  Used children to plant trees in a reforestation project 
D)  Is now no longer active 
E)  Emphasized force to save forests in watersheds 
A)  Saved a large portion of forests in watersheds 
B)  Failed to actually save any forests 
C)  Used children to plant trees in a reforestation project 
D)  Is now no longer active 
E)  Emphasized force to save forests in watersheds

Question 6

World deserts are

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreasing as world climate becomes wetter 
B)  Increasing because of the increase in global carbon dioxide 
C)  Increasing because of logging and grazing 
D)  Decreasing because of massive reforestation 
E)  About the same in area but have many threatened species of plants 
A)  Decreasing as world climate becomes wetter 
B)  Increasing because of the increase in global carbon dioxide 
C)  Increasing because of logging and grazing 
D)  Decreasing because of massive reforestation 
E)  About the same in area but have many threatened species of plants

Question 7

Developed countries produce __________ of all industrial wood and account for ________ of its consumption.

Accepted Answer

A)  More than half; less than half 
B)  Less than half; about 80% 
C)  More than half; about 80% 
D)  Less than half; about half 
E)  Less than half; about 20% 
A)  More than half; less than half 
B)  Less than half; about 80% 
C)  More than half; about 80% 
D)  Less than half; about half 
E)  Less than half; about 20%

Question 8

"Closed canopy" forests are those in which tree crowns

Accepted Answer

A)  Include all sizes of trees 
B)  Crowd out smaller vegetation 
C)  Cover about 20 percent of the ground surface 
D)  Cover most of the ground 
E)  Cover less than 10 percent of the ground surface 
A)  Include all sizes of trees 
B)  Crowd out smaller vegetation 
C)  Cover about 20 percent of the ground surface 
D)  Cover most of the ground 
E)  Cover less than 10 percent of the ground surface

Question 9

Economically, monoculture forestry is advantageous because

Accepted Answer

A)  It produces large quantities of a single type of tree for a particular use, such as building timber or paper pulp 
B)  It is labor-intensive and thus increases job opportunities for local people 
C)  High levels of pesticides and herbicides may be needed; therefore, more money is spent and is in the system 
D)  The increase in wildlife diversity is beneficial to the tourism industry 
E)  A mix of the different trees leads to a good resource base if the market for one type of timber falls 
A)  It produces large quantities of a single type of tree for a particular use, such as building timber or paper pulp 
B)  It is labor-intensive and thus increases job opportunities for local people 
C)  High levels of pesticides and herbicides may be needed; therefore, more money is spent and is in the system 
D)  The increase in wildlife diversity is beneficial to the tourism industry 
E)  A mix of the different trees leads to a good resource base if the market for one type of timber falls

Question 10

The term _______ refers to the practice of eliminating a country's national debt if it agrees to protect or restore areas of biological significance.

Accepted Answer

A)  mitigation 
B)  sloss 
C)  debt-for-nature swap 
D)  ecosystem services 
A)  mitigation 
B)  sloss 
C)  debt-for-nature swap 
D)  ecosystem services

Question 11

Which of the preserve shapes shown is the worst shape for a species that requires a core area?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  All of the shapes have about the same measurements 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  All of the shapes have about the same measurements

Question 12

A promising approach to encourage conservation and preservation in developing countries is

Accepted Answer

A)  utilitarian conservation. 
B)  biocentric preservation. 
C)  ecosystem management. 
D)  debt-for-nature swaps. 
E)  pastoralism. 
A)  utilitarian conservation. 
B)  biocentric preservation. 
C)  ecosystem management. 
D)  debt-for-nature swaps. 
E)  pastoralism.

Question 13

After losing nearly all its trees in World War II, South Korea is now

Accepted Answer

A)  Beginning to plan replanting 
B)  Nearly 10% reforested 
C)  About 70% reforested 
D)  An eroded wasteland 
E)  Under tremendous pressure for fuelwood harvests 
A)  Beginning to plan replanting 
B)  Nearly 10% reforested 
C)  About 70% reforested 
D)  An eroded wasteland 
E)  Under tremendous pressure for fuelwood harvests

Question 14

Scientists have found that the number of organisms in marine refuges that do not allow fishing is not appreciably different from surrounding areas where fishing is allowed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

"Forest management" means planning for

Accepted Answer

A)  Gaining maximum, quick profit from trees 
B)  Sustainable harvests and forest regeneration 
C)  A continual increase in forest complexity 
D)  Building the maximum biodiversity in a forest 
E)  Old-growth status in the managed forests 
A)  Gaining maximum, quick profit from trees 
B)  Sustainable harvests and forest regeneration 
C)  A continual increase in forest complexity 
D)  Building the maximum biodiversity in a forest 
E)  Old-growth status in the managed forests

Question 16

Although most of the world's forests are shrinking, biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss because

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain such high biodiversity 
B)  Tropical trees are the biggest trees in the world 
C)  They contain irreplaceable wood resources 
D)  There are fewer remaining tropical forests than any other forest type 
E)  All of these are reasons that biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss 
A)  They contain such high biodiversity 
B)  Tropical trees are the biggest trees in the world 
C)  They contain irreplaceable wood resources 
D)  There are fewer remaining tropical forests than any other forest type 
E)  All of these are reasons that biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss

Question 17

The loss of forests can affect rainfall patterns.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Poor people in developing countries often threaten wildlife preserves because

Accepted Answer

A)  They dislike unsettled territory 
B)  They need the resources to survive 
C)  They enjoy sport hunting 
D)  Vandalism is a popular use of spare time 
E)  Their religion often emphasizes the action of dominating wildlife 
A)  They dislike unsettled territory 
B)  They need the resources to survive 
C)  They enjoy sport hunting 
D)  Vandalism is a popular use of spare time 
E)  Their religion often emphasizes the action of dominating wildlife

Question 19

The main difference in wood products produced in the U.S. compared to those in China, is that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  The U.S. only produces pulp wood products, whereas China produces wood for building supplies. 
B)  China's wood comes from deforestation, whereas U.S. products come from managed tree farms. 
C)  The U.S.'s wood comes from deforestation, whereas Chinese products come from managed tree farms. 
D)  China only produces pulp wood products, whereas the U.S. produces wood for building supplies. 
A)  The U.S. only produces pulp wood products, whereas China produces wood for building supplies. 
B)  China's wood comes from deforestation, whereas U.S. products come from managed tree farms. 
C)  The U.S.'s wood comes from deforestation, whereas Chinese products come from managed tree farms. 
D)  China only produces pulp wood products, whereas the U.S. produces wood for building supplies.

Question 20

Debt-for-nature swaps are beneficial mainly to

Accepted Answer

A)  Lending institutions 
B)  Governments of developing countries 
C)  Environmental groups 
D)  All of these are correct 
E)  None of these is correct 
A)  Lending institutions 
B)  Governments of developing countries 
C)  Environmental groups 
D)  All of these are correct 
E)  None of these is correct

Exam 12: Biodiversity: Preserving Landscapes

What is the science that examines the relationship between the spatial patterns and ecological processes?

The world land use pie graph shown here lets you know

Most public rangelands are in poor condition due to

A large portion of industrial timber comes from managed, replanted forests in North America and Europe.

India's Chipko Andolan movement

World deserts are

Developed countries produce __________ of all industrial wood and account for ________ of its consumption.

"Closed canopy" forests are those in which tree crowns

Economically, monoculture forestry is advantageous because

The term _______ refers to the practice of eliminating a country's national debt if it agrees to protect or restore areas of biological significance.

Which of the preserve shapes shown is the worst shape for a species that requires a core area?

A promising approach to encourage conservation and preservation in developing countries is

After losing nearly all its trees in World War II, South Korea is now

Scientists have found that the number of organisms in marine refuges that do not allow fishing is not appreciably different from surrounding areas where fishing is allowed.

"Forest management" means planning for

Although most of the world's forests are shrinking, biologists are especially concerned about tropical forest loss because

The loss of forests can affect rainfall patterns.

Poor people in developing countries often threaten wildlife preserves because

The main difference in wood products produced in the U.S. compared to those in China, is that __________.

Debt-for-nature swaps are beneficial mainly to

Understanding Our Environment

Principles of Science and Systems

Matter, Energy, and Life

Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions

Biomes: Global Patterns of Life

Population Biology

Human Populations

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Food and Hunger

Farming: Conventional and Sustainable Practices

Biodiversity: Preserving Species

Restoration Ecology

Geology and Earth Resources

Climate Change

Air Pollution

Water Use and Management

Water Pollution

Conventional Energy

Sustainable Energy

Solid, Toxic, and Hazardous Waste

Urbanization and Sustainable Cities

Ecological Economics

Environmental Policy, Law, and Planning

What Then Shall We Do

Filters

Developed countries produce __ of all industrial wood and account for of its consumption.