Question 1

Which of the following perspectives is NOT a principle of ecosystem management?

Accepted Answer

A)  Managing across a region over ecological time 
B)  Maintaining biodiversity 
C)  Using scientific knowledge as the basis for management since science is free from bias 
D)  Utilizing cooperative institutional arrangements 
E)  Adapting management over time, as needed 
A)  Managing across a region over ecological time 
B)  Maintaining biodiversity 
C)  Using scientific knowledge as the basis for management since science is free from bias 
D)  Utilizing cooperative institutional arrangements 
E)  Adapting management over time, as needed

Question 2

Which of the preserve shapes shown has the greatest interior area relative to perimeter area?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  All of the shapes have about the same interior/perimeter measurements 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  All of the shapes have about the same interior/perimeter measurements

Question 3

The cost of maintaining public rangelands for grazing in the US is about $47 million. The sale of grazing permits on public lands amounts to

Accepted Answer

A)  $11 million. 
B)  $36 million. 
C)  $48 million. 
D)  $58 million. 
E)  $83 million. 
A)  $11 million. 
B)  $36 million. 
C)  $48 million. 
D)  $58 million. 
E)  $83 million.

Question 4

The term "old-growth forest" refers to any tract of land in which a majority of the trees are over 100 years old.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What conclusions can you make from examining the graph?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ecosystem "a" has the most biodiversity. 
B)  Ecosystem "a" has the most threatened plant species. 
C)  Humans use ecosystem "a" much more than ecosystem "b". 
D)  Ecosystem "c" is used by humans about twice as much as ecosystem "d". 
E)  None of these conclusions is supported by the data. 
A)  Ecosystem "a" has the most biodiversity. 
B)  Ecosystem "a" has the most threatened plant species. 
C)  Humans use ecosystem "a" much more than ecosystem "b". 
D)  Ecosystem "c" is used by humans about twice as much as ecosystem "d". 
E)  None of these conclusions is supported by the data.

Question 6

Grazing fees on public lands have changed little because

Accepted Answer

A)  Political pressures ensure they remain low 
B)  They remain at market value, so there is no reason to change them 
C)  The public feels that the price is right 
D)  Livestock owners cannot afford higher fees 
E)  Political pressures ensure they remain high 
A)  Political pressures ensure they remain low 
B)  They remain at market value, so there is no reason to change them 
C)  The public feels that the price is right 
D)  Livestock owners cannot afford higher fees 
E)  Political pressures ensure they remain high

Question 7

Corridors have the potential to effectively enlarge which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Preserve areas 
B)  Genetic pools 
C)  Feeding ranges 
D)  Areas of refuge against natural disasters (e.g., fire) 
E)  All of the above are correct 
A)  Preserve areas 
B)  Genetic pools 
C)  Feeding ranges 
D)  Areas of refuge against natural disasters (e.g., fire) 
E)  All of the above are correct

Question 8

Which country has the highest rate of total deforestation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Burundi 
B)  United States 
C)  Japan 
D)  United Kingdom 
A)  Burundi 
B)  United States 
C)  Japan 
D)  United Kingdom

Question 9

Satyagraha movements in India work to achieve social and environmental goals

Accepted Answer

A)  By controlling national politics 
B)  By force 
C)  Using large amounts of money 
D)  Through passive, peaceful methods 
E)  Any way that they can, depending on the context of the situation 
A)  By controlling national politics 
B)  By force 
C)  Using large amounts of money 
D)  Through passive, peaceful methods 
E)  Any way that they can, depending on the context of the situation

Question 10

Infestation by beetles in the United States and Canada has led to millions of dead trees which represent a substantial fire danger.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Road building in forests can lead to fragmentation as well as erosion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Monoculture forestry involves

Accepted Answer

A)  Harvesting a single type of tree in the forest and then using the land for agriculture 
B)  Multiple-species plantations whose trees are highly resistant to disease 
C)  Single-species tree plantations that are efficient but offer little biodiversity 
D)  Harvesting only a single type of tree in the forest that is especially useful 
E)  Harvesting a single type of tree in the forest and then using the land for agriculture, and harvesting only a single type of tree in the forest that is especially useful 
A)  Harvesting a single type of tree in the forest and then using the land for agriculture 
B)  Multiple-species plantations whose trees are highly resistant to disease 
C)  Single-species tree plantations that are efficient but offer little biodiversity 
D)  Harvesting only a single type of tree in the forest that is especially useful 
E)  Harvesting a single type of tree in the forest and then using the land for agriculture, and harvesting only a single type of tree in the forest that is especially useful

Question 13

When fuelwood demand exceeds supplies,

Accepted Answer

A)  Forest regeneration becomes more difficult 
B)  Fewer people rely on fuelwood 
C)  Closed canopy forests are greatly threatened 
D)  Agricultural land usually improves and expands 
E)  Technology for alternative ways of cooking improves dramatically 
A)  Forest regeneration becomes more difficult 
B)  Fewer people rely on fuelwood 
C)  Closed canopy forests are greatly threatened 
D)  Agricultural land usually improves and expands 
E)  Technology for alternative ways of cooking improves dramatically

Question 14

The amount of interior area in a preserve is important because

Accepted Answer

A)  Humans and other hardy species encroach on preserve margins 
B)  It is more economical to buy large land areas 
C)  Many threatened species cannot survive environmental conditions on preserve margins 
D)  Humans and other hardy species encroach on preserve margins and many threatened species cannot survive environmental conditions on preserve margins 
E)  Humans and other hardy species encroach on preserve margins, it is more economical to buy large land areas, and many threatened species cannot survive environmental conditions on preserve margins 
A)  Humans and other hardy species encroach on preserve margins 
B)  It is more economical to buy large land areas 
C)  Many threatened species cannot survive environmental conditions on preserve margins 
D)  Humans and other hardy species encroach on preserve margins and many threatened species cannot survive environmental conditions on preserve margins 
E)  Humans and other hardy species encroach on preserve margins, it is more economical to buy large land areas, and many threatened species cannot survive environmental conditions on preserve margins

Question 15

Developed countries like the United States produce less than half of the world's industrial wood but consume about _______ percent.

Accepted Answer

A)  36 
B)  49 
C)  65 
D)  80 
E)  95 
A)  36 
B)  49 
C)  65 
D)  80 
E)  95

Question 16

A "woodland" is an open canopy forest where tree crowns cover less than 20% of the ground.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

International lending institutions are willing to cooperate in debt-for-nature swaps because

Accepted Answer

A)  They want to encourage indigenous lifestyles 
B)  They do not really expect to recover much of their loans 
C)  They are concerned about the greenhouse effect 
D)  The size of the loans is negligible 
E)  They are attempting to support green business 
A)  They want to encourage indigenous lifestyles 
B)  They do not really expect to recover much of their loans 
C)  They are concerned about the greenhouse effect 
D)  The size of the loans is negligible 
E)  They are attempting to support green business

Question 18

_________, ___________, and ___________ are the largest producers of both paper pulp and industrial wood.

Accepted Answer

A)  Costa Rica; Ecuador; Mexico 
B)  Canada; Europe; the United Kingdom 
C)  Brazil; Africa; Southeast Asia 
D)  Russia; Canada; the United States 
E)  Europe; Russia; Central Africa 
A)  Costa Rica; Ecuador; Mexico 
B)  Canada; Europe; the United Kingdom 
C)  Brazil; Africa; Southeast Asia 
D)  Russia; Canada; the United States 
E)  Europe; Russia; Central Africa

Question 19

"Paper parks" are frequently found in the developing world. Which of the following are characteristic of these?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are managed to extract wood for pulp and paper production 
B)  There is little in the way of infrastructure or enforcement of rules 
C)  They are designed for ecotourism, rather than conservation or sustainability 
D)  They are managed for hunting and collection of resources 
A)  They are managed to extract wood for pulp and paper production 
B)  There is little in the way of infrastructure or enforcement of rules 
C)  They are designed for ecotourism, rather than conservation or sustainability 
D)  They are managed for hunting and collection of resources

Question 20

Compare and contrast the preservation of the Amazon Basin and the Pantanal, both in Brazil.

Accepted Answer

Brazil has the largest amount of land in

Exam 12: Biodiversity: Preserving Landscapes

Which of the following perspectives is NOT a principle of ecosystem management?

Which of the preserve shapes shown has the greatest interior area relative to perimeter area?

The cost of maintaining public rangelands for grazing in the US is about $47 million. The sale of grazing permits on public lands amounts to

The term "old-growth forest" refers to any tract of land in which a majority of the trees are over 100 years old.

What conclusions can you make from examining the graph?

Grazing fees on public lands have changed little because

Corridors have the potential to effectively enlarge which of the following?

Which country has the highest rate of total deforestation?

Satyagraha movements in India work to achieve social and environmental goals

Infestation by beetles in the United States and Canada has led to millions of dead trees which represent a substantial fire danger.

Road building in forests can lead to fragmentation as well as erosion.

Monoculture forestry involves

When fuelwood demand exceeds supplies,

The amount of interior area in a preserve is important because

Developed countries like the United States produce less than half of the world's industrial wood but consume about _______ percent.

A "woodland" is an open canopy forest where tree crowns cover less than 20% of the ground.

International lending institutions are willing to cooperate in debt-for-nature swaps because

_________, ___________, and ___________ are the largest producers of both paper pulp and industrial wood.

"Paper parks" are frequently found in the developing world. Which of the following are characteristic of these?

Compare and contrast the preservation of the Amazon Basin and the Pantanal, both in Brazil.

Understanding Our Environment

Principles of Science and Systems

Matter, Energy, and Life

Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions

Biomes: Global Patterns of Life

Population Biology

Human Populations

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Food and Hunger

Farming: Conventional and Sustainable Practices

Biodiversity: Preserving Species

Restoration Ecology

Geology and Earth Resources

Climate Change

Air Pollution

Water Use and Management

Water Pollution

Conventional Energy

Sustainable Energy

Solid, Toxic, and Hazardous Waste

Urbanization and Sustainable Cities

Ecological Economics

Environmental Policy, Law, and Planning

What Then Shall We Do

Filters

___, _, and _______ are the largest producers of both paper pulp and industrial wood.