Question 1

A steady-state economy would be marked by _____ resource consumption, _____ volume, and _____ output.

Accepted Answer

A)  High; low; low 
B)  High; high; high-quality 
C)  Low; high; high-quality 
D)  Low; low; high-quality 
E)  Low; low; low-quality 
A)  High; low; low 
B)  High; high; high-quality 
C)  Low; high; high-quality 
D)  Low; low; high-quality 
E)  Low; low; low-quality D

Question 2

One criticism of cost/benefit analysis is the subjectivity in deciding who should judge the value of a project's costs and benefits.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

When a factory pollutes a river, the costs and losses that affect people downstream would be called ______ costs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Indirect 
B)  External 
C)  Incidental 
D)  Internal 
E)  Social 
A)  Indirect 
B)  External 
C)  Incidental 
D)  Internal 
E)  Social B

Question 4

Natural capital is that which is created by

Accepted Answer

A)  Industrial processes 
B)  Human labor 
C)  Natural Earth processes 
D)  Animal labor 
E)  All of these are ways natural capital is created 
A)  Industrial processes 
B)  Human labor 
C)  Natural Earth processes 
D)  Animal labor 
E)  All of these are ways natural capital is created

Question 5

Businesses are now willing to become "green" because

Accepted Answer

A)  It improves their public image 
B)  It immediately saves them money 
C)  Doing so is expensive but makes good advertising 
D)  Doing so improves their image and saves money in the end 
E)  They need to obey laws and comply with government regulations 
A)  It improves their public image 
B)  It immediately saves them money 
C)  Doing so is expensive but makes good advertising 
D)  Doing so improves their image and saves money in the end 
E)  They need to obey laws and comply with government regulations

Question 6

On the classical supply-demand graph, ________ is highest when prices are low.

Accepted Answer

A)  Demand 
B)  Supply 
C)  Market equilibrium 
D)  Cost 
E)  Quantity 
A)  Demand 
B)  Supply 
C)  Market equilibrium 
D)  Cost 
E)  Quantity

Question 7

An example of an intangible resource is

Accepted Answer

A)  Solar energy 
B)  Satisfaction 
C)  Human labor 
D)  Capital 
E)  Extinct species 
A)  Solar energy 
B)  Satisfaction 
C)  Human labor 
D)  Capital 
E)  Extinct species

Question 8

Which of the following indicators is incorrectly matched with the factors it takes into account?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gross National Product goods and services purchased 
B)  Genuine Progress Indicator the value of unpaid labor and natural resource depletion 
C)  Human Development Index life expectancy and educational attainment 
D)  Gross Domestic Product economic activities within a nation's borders 
E)  Gender Development Index gender and natural resource depletion 
A)  Gross National Product goods and services purchased 
B)  Genuine Progress Indicator the value of unpaid labor and natural resource depletion 
C)  Human Development Index life expectancy and educational attainment 
D)  Gross Domestic Product economic activities within a nation's borders 
E)  Gender Development Index gender and natural resource depletion

Question 9

When we purchase a product, the price we pay directly reflects the _____ cost of producing it. If the manufacture of the product degrades the quality of air or water, then the costs of this pollution are termed _____ costs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Incidental; external 
B)  Incidental; indirect 
C)  Indirect; incidental 
D)  External; internal 
E)  Internal; external 
A)  Incidental; external 
B)  Incidental; indirect 
C)  Indirect; incidental 
D)  External; internal 
E)  Internal; external

Question 10

The use of Gross National Product as an indicator of economic well-being

Accepted Answer

A)  Is criticized as an inaccurate measure of the quality of life 
B)  Reflects social welfare 
C)  Predicts ecological bankruptcy through recognition of decreased natural capital 
D)  Takes into account life expectancy 
E)  Does not take into account economic activity overseas 
A)  Is criticized as an inaccurate measure of the quality of life 
B)  Reflects social welfare 
C)  Predicts ecological bankruptcy through recognition of decreased natural capital 
D)  Takes into account life expectancy 
E)  Does not take into account economic activity overseas

Question 11

Which of the following is not an effective response to resource scarcity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Substituting different materials for scarce ones 
B)  Increasing efficiency 
C)  Diverting capital (money) to conventional industries 
D)  Increasing trade with other regions 
E)  Recycling 
A)  Substituting different materials for scarce ones 
B)  Increasing efficiency 
C)  Diverting capital (money) to conventional industries 
D)  Increasing trade with other regions 
E)  Recycling

Question 12

Using the supply-demand graph, what happens as the price of goods or services increases?

Accepted Answer

A)  The quantity of the goods or services decreases 
B)  The quantity of the goods or services increases 
C)  Demand increases and supply falls 
D)  Demand falls and supply increases 
E)  Market equilibrium is finally reached and the demand increases 
A)  The quantity of the goods or services decreases 
B)  The quantity of the goods or services increases 
C)  Demand increases and supply falls 
D)  Demand falls and supply increases 
E)  Market equilibrium is finally reached and the demand increases

Question 13

Things like open space or clean air can be considered a resource because they are

Accepted Answer

A)  Valued by people 
B)  Essential for efficient production 
C)  Exhaustible 
D)  Expensive 
E)  Hard to find 
A)  Valued by people 
B)  Essential for efficient production 
C)  Exhaustible 
D)  Expensive 
E)  Hard to find

Question 14

Ecology and economy are both derived from the Greek word "Oikos" meaning

Accepted Answer

A)  The study of something 
B)  How things work 
C)  Relationships 
D)  Environment 
E)  Household 
A)  The study of something 
B)  How things work 
C)  Relationships 
D)  Environment 
E)  Household

Question 15

In economic terms, "supply" is how much of something

Accepted Answer

A)  People want 
B)  People need 
C)  People will buy at current prices 
D)  Is available on the market 
E)  People will buy regardless of price 
A)  People want 
B)  People need 
C)  People will buy at current prices 
D)  Is available on the market 
E)  People will buy regardless of price

Question 16

In economic terms, "demand" is how much of something

Accepted Answer

A)  People want 
B)  People need 
C)  People will buy at current prices 
D)  Is available on the market 
E)  People will buy regardless of price 
A)  People want 
B)  People need 
C)  People will buy at current prices 
D)  Is available on the market 
E)  People will buy regardless of price

Question 17

The updated model of the limits to growth suggests that changed public policies actually could produce a sustainable future.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Using natural resources so as to be sustainable indefinitely requires

Accepted Answer

A)  harvesting natural products at rates not faster than the materials can be naturally replaced. 
B)  recycling household waste 
C)  only using manufactured materials instead of natural resources. 
A)  harvesting natural products at rates not faster than the materials can be naturally replaced. 
B)  recycling household waste 
C)  only using manufactured materials instead of natural resources.

Question 19

The price of natural gas doubles. What would happen to the quantity of the natural gas in a market system?

Accepted Answer

A)  The quantity decreases because it is too expensive to produce. 
B)  The quantity increases because it is worthwhile to drill into lower quality fields. 
C)  The quantity increases because new natural gas is being created. 
D)  The quantity decreases because it is too expensive and people do not buy it. 
E)  The quantity stays the same because the price of a resource does not change the availability of that resource. 
A)  The quantity decreases because it is too expensive to produce. 
B)  The quantity increases because it is worthwhile to drill into lower quality fields. 
C)  The quantity increases because new natural gas is being created. 
D)  The quantity decreases because it is too expensive and people do not buy it. 
E)  The quantity stays the same because the price of a resource does not change the availability of that resource.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of an open access system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cattle grazing on common woodlands and pastures in colonial New England. 
B)  Maine lobster fisheries. 
C)  Nearshore fisheries in many parts of the world. 
D)  Native American management of wild rice beds and hunting grounds. 
E)  None of these are examples of an open access system. 
A)  Cattle grazing on common woodlands and pastures in colonial New England. 
B)  Maine lobster fisheries. 
C)  Nearshore fisheries in many parts of the world. 
D)  Native American management of wild rice beds and hunting grounds. 
E)  None of these are examples of an open access system.

Exam 23: Ecological Economics

A steady-state economy would be marked by _____ resource consumption, _____ volume, and _____ output.

One criticism of cost/benefit analysis is the subjectivity in deciding who should judge the value of a project's costs and benefits.

When a factory pollutes a river, the costs and losses that affect people downstream would be called ______ costs.

Natural capital is that which is created by

Businesses are now willing to become "green" because

On the classical supply-demand graph, ________ is highest when prices are low.

An example of an intangible resource is

Which of the following indicators is incorrectly matched with the factors it takes into account?

When we purchase a product, the price we pay directly reflects the _____ cost of producing it. If the manufacture of the product degrades the quality of air or water, then the costs of this pollution are termed _____ costs.

The use of Gross National Product as an indicator of economic well-being

Which of the following is not an effective response to resource scarcity?

Using the supply-demand graph, what happens as the price of goods or services increases?

Things like open space or clean air can be considered a resource because they are

Ecology and economy are both derived from the Greek word "Oikos" meaning

In economic terms, "supply" is how much of something

In economic terms, "demand" is how much of something

The updated model of the limits to growth suggests that changed public policies actually could produce a sustainable future.

Using natural resources so as to be sustainable indefinitely requires

The price of natural gas doubles. What would happen to the quantity of the natural gas in a market system?

Which of the following is an example of an open access system?

Understanding Our Environment

Principles of Science and Systems

Matter, Energy, and Life

Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions

Biomes: Global Patterns of Life

Population Biology

Human Populations

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Food and Hunger

Farming: Conventional and Sustainable Practices

Biodiversity: Preserving Species

Biodiversity: Preserving Landscapes

Restoration Ecology

Geology and Earth Resources

Climate Change

Air Pollution

Water Use and Management

Water Pollution

Conventional Energy

Sustainable Energy

Solid, Toxic, and Hazardous Waste

Urbanization and Sustainable Cities

Environmental Policy, Law, and Planning

What Then Shall We Do

Filters

A steady-state economy would be marked by ___ resource consumption, _ volume, and ___ output.

When we purchase a product, the price we pay directly reflects the _ cost of producing it. If the manufacture of the product degrades the quality of air or water, then the costs of this pollution are termed _ costs.