Question 1

Which of the following compounds is produced by the phosphodiesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of cAMP?

Accepted Answer

A)  APP 
B)  ADP 
C)  AMP 
D)  ATP 
A)  APP 
B)  ADP 
C)  AMP 
D)  ATP

Question 2

Which of the following compounds acts as a stimulant of acetylcholine receptors when given in low doses?

Accepted Answer

A)  donepezil 
B)  nicotine 
C)  opiate 
D)  none of these 
A)  donepezil 
B)  nicotine 
C)  opiate 
D)  none of these

Question 3

Where are neurotransmitters stored in a nerve cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the axon 
B)  in dendrites 
C)  in the synapse 
D)  in vesicles 
A)  in the axon 
B)  in dendrites 
C)  in the synapse 
D)  in vesicles

Question 4

Which of the following is a long fiber-like part of a nerve cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  an axon 
B)  a dendrite 
C)  a synapse 
D)  a vesicle 
A)  an axon 
B)  a dendrite 
C)  a synapse 
D)  a vesicle

Question 5

Which of the following hormones acts through a secondary messenger?

Accepted Answer

A)  epinephrine 
B)  glucagon 
C)  luteinizing hormone 
D)  all of these 
A)  epinephrine 
B)  glucagon 
C)  luteinizing hormone 
D)  all of these

Question 6

Which of the following organelles are found within a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclei 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  both nuclei and mitochondria 
D)  neither nuclei nor mitochondria 
A)  nuclei 
B)  mitochondria 
C)  both nuclei and mitochondria 
D)  neither nuclei nor mitochondria

Question 7

Consider the given diagram of a neuron.   Which number in the given diagram represents a dendrite?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5 
A)  1 
B)  2 
C)  3 
D)  4 
E)  5

Question 8

Where are receptors found in an animal cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are found on the surface of cells. 
B)  They are found freely roaming in the cytosol. 
C)  They are found on the surface of mitochondria. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  They are found on the surface of cells. 
B)  They are found freely roaming in the cytosol. 
C)  They are found on the surface of mitochondria. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 9

Which of the following molecules is a byproduct of the conversion of histidine into histamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 
B)  HCl 
C)  H2O 
D)  NO 
A)  CO2 
B)  HCl 
C)  H2O 
D)  NO

Question 10

Which of the following compounds is a substrate of adenylate cyclase?

Accepted Answer

A)  APP 
B)  ADP 
C)  AMP 
D)  ATP 
A)  APP 
B)  ADP 
C)  AMP 
D)  ATP

Question 11

Identify an example of a neural transmission in animals.

Accepted Answer

A)  regulation of the blood sugar level in the body 
B)  contraction of blood vessels in response to the secretion of vasopressin by the posterior pituitary gland 
C)  communication between the eyes and the brain 
D)  binding of adrenaline to specific receptors in liver cells 
A)  regulation of the blood sugar level in the body 
B)  contraction of blood vessels in response to the secretion of vasopressin by the posterior pituitary gland 
C)  communication between the eyes and the brain 
D)  binding of adrenaline to specific receptors in liver cells

Question 12

Identify a protein that binds with Ca2+ ions in smooth muscles and initiates signal transduction.

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine 
B)  calmodulin 
C)  epinephrine 
D)  norepinephrine 
A)  acetylcholine 
B)  calmodulin 
C)  epinephrine 
D)  norepinephrine

Question 13

Which of the following is an effect of cobratoxin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It increases the synthesis of acetylcholine. 
B)  It binds irreversibly with the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. 
C)  It binds reversibly with the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. 
D)  It prevents the communication between neurons and muscle cells. 
A)  It increases the synthesis of acetylcholine. 
B)  It binds irreversibly with the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. 
C)  It binds reversibly with the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. 
D)  It prevents the communication between neurons and muscle cells.

Question 14

Which of the following amino acids binds to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  aspartic acid 
B)  asparagine 
C)  glutamic acid 
D)  glutamine 
A)  aspartic acid 
B)  asparagine 
C)  glutamic acid 
D)  glutamine

Question 15

Which of the following cells communicate with each other through neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)  muscle cells 
B)  cells of a gland 
C)  neurons 
D)  all of these 
A)  muscle cells 
B)  cells of a gland 
C)  neurons 
D)  all of these

Question 16

Which of the following neurotransmitters or hormones is classified as adrenergic messengers?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  estradiol 
D)  none of these 
A)  acetylcholine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  estradiol 
D)  none of these

Question 17

Which of the following classes of chemical messengers do not include hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenergic 
B)  cholinergic 
C)  peptidergic 
D)  steroid 
A)  adrenergic 
B)  cholinergic 
C)  peptidergic 
D)  steroid

Question 18

Which of the following is associated with signal transduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  the amplification of a signal 
B)  the cessation of a signal 
C)  the modulation of a signal 
D)  none of these 
A)  the amplification of a signal 
B)  the cessation of a signal 
C)  the modulation of a signal 
D)  none of these

Question 19

Which chemical form of phosphatidylinositol acts as a signaling molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  the phosphorylated form 
B)  the carboxylated form 
C)  the reduced form 
D)  the oxidized form 
A)  the phosphorylated form 
B)  the carboxylated form 
C)  the reduced form 
D)  the oxidized form

Question 20

To which class of chemical messengers does the given compound belong?

Accepted Answer

A)  cholinergic messengers 
B)  amino acid messengers 
C)  adrenergic messengers 
D)  peptidergic messengers 
E)  steroid messengers 
A)  cholinergic messengers 
B)  amino acid messengers 
C)  adrenergic messengers 
D)  peptidergic messengers 
E)  steroid messengers

Exam 23: Chemical Communications: Neurotransmitters and Hormones

Which of the following compounds is produced by the phosphodiesterase-catalyzed hydrolysis of cAMP?

Which of the following compounds acts as a stimulant of acetylcholine receptors when given in low doses?

Where are neurotransmitters stored in a nerve cell?

Which of the following is a long fiber-like part of a nerve cell?

Which of the following hormones acts through a secondary messenger?

Which of the following organelles are found within a cell?

Consider the given diagram of a neuron. Which number in the given diagram represents a dendrite?

Where are receptors found in an animal cell?

Which of the following molecules is a byproduct of the conversion of histidine into histamine?

Which of the following compounds is a substrate of adenylate cyclase?

Identify an example of a neural transmission in animals.

Identify a protein that binds with Ca2+ ions in smooth muscles and initiates signal transduction.

Which of the following is an effect of cobratoxin?

Which of the following amino acids binds to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor?

Which of the following cells communicate with each other through neurotransmitters?

Which of the following neurotransmitters or hormones is classified as adrenergic messengers?

Which of the following classes of chemical messengers do not include hormones?

Which of the following is associated with signal transduction?

Which chemical form of phosphatidylinositol acts as a signaling molecule?

To which class of chemical messengers does the given compound belong?

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Identify a protein that binds with Ca²⁺ ions in smooth muscles and initiates signal transduction.