Exam 11: Weight and Body Composition

All methods for measuring body composition have some inherent error.

Select the key term that is most associated with the description below. Each term is used only once. a. Technician training and consistency are critical; can introduce a large degree of error b. Low SEE but additional research needed before it can be considered the new gold standard of body composition assessment c. Use in athletes is hampered by need to follow restrictive pre-measurement guidelines related to exercise and caffeine intake d. Subject error may be substantial e. The procedures are not disruptive for the subject as only one site on the body is typically measured f. Typically described as being slightly built with less-developed muscle mass and fat stores g. Characterized as being stocky, with wide hips and a tendency to easily gain body fat, especially visceral fat h. An expression of the ability to produce force in a short amount of time relative to body mass i. The amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal, voluntary exhalation j. Can gain muscle mass relatively easily and typically do not have excessive amounts of body fat -Residual volume

The majority of studies have concluded that the use of ephedrine and caffeine by athletes is effective in producing a short-term weight loss of 8 to 9 pounds.

Endomorphs are typically described as being slightly built with less-developed muscle mass and fat stores.

Body mass index (BMI) is appropriate to use with trained athletes if the formula for the general population is adjusted by the standard error of the estimate (SEE).

Weight cycling is defined as ____.

Rigid adherence to attaining a given scale weight or body composition is never recommended.

What do the majority of studies conclude about the safety of DHEA supplements?

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was originally developed for clinical use for measuring ____.

Considering minimum carbohydrate, protein, and fat guidelines, it is generally recommended that athletes who wish to lose body fat not restrict energy intake to less than ____ kcal/kg daily.

The terms lean body mass and muscle mass can be used interchangeably because technically they are the same.

The known side effects of supplements containing ephedrine include ____.

The only true measurement of the amount of fat in the body is by chemical analysis of cadavers.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is an isomer of linoleic acid, an essential fatty acid found in ____.

DHEA ____.

Using the formula listed below, calculate the recommended minimum body weight of a male wrestler currently weighing 185 lb with 8% body fat. His goal is 4% body fat. Minimum body weight = Current FFM / 1 - minimum %BF

Select the key term that is most associated with the description below. Each term is used only once. a. Technician training and consistency are critical; can introduce a large degree of error b. Low SEE but additional research needed before it can be considered the new gold standard of body composition assessment c. Use in athletes is hampered by need to follow restrictive pre-measurement guidelines related to exercise and caffeine intake d. Subject error may be substantial e. The procedures are not disruptive for the subject as only one site on the body is typically measured f. Typically described as being slightly built with less-developed muscle mass and fat stores g. Characterized as being stocky, with wide hips and a tendency to easily gain body fat, especially visceral fat h. An expression of the ability to produce force in a short amount of time relative to body mass i. The amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal, voluntary exhalation j. Can gain muscle mass relatively easily and typically do not have excessive amounts of body fat -Bioelectrical impedance (BIA)

How many kcal are needed to support the growth of 1 pound of muscle?

If all conditions are controlled appropriately and subject and technical error is minimized, the estimate obtained via BIA is comparable to that of skinfold assessments.

Explain why it is important that body composition results be interpreted appropriately.