Question 1

Explain Mulac's gender-linked language effect. What do Mulac's findings demonstrate regarding his theory? (i.e., is the theory supported?)

Accepted Answer

Mulac proposed that, while many features of verbal communication show very small gender differences, it is the clustering of these features that matters. That is, there are feminine and masculine patterns of speech, each with multiple features that show subtle differences on their own but, in combination, are perceived as distinctly gendered. The verbal communication of girls and women tends to be rated as more socially intelligent and aesthetically pleasing, whereas the verbal communication of boys and men is rated as more dynamic and aggressive. Mulac calls these patterns of gender differences the gender-linked language effect. Study findings by Mulac demonstrate that the gender-linked language effect exists, but that the effect is subtle.

Question 2

In language, compared with men, women typically ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  use fewer intensifiers 
B)  are infantilized 
C)  interrupt more 
D)  are misgendered 
A)  use fewer intensifiers 
B)  are infantilized 
C)  interrupt more 
D)  are misgendered B

Question 3

Meta-analysis tells us that women convey nonverbal messages or cues ______ men do.

Accepted Answer

A)  less accurately than 
B)  more accurately than 
C)  the same as 
D)  more frequently than 
A)  less accurately than 
B)  more accurately than 
C)  the same as 
D)  more frequently than B

Question 4

Rewrite the following sentences in order to eliminate the bias and sexist language:
a. Faculty and wives are invited to a reception at the President's house.
b. Each student should turn off his cell phone before class begins.
c. Dr. Abramson is the chairman of the department.
d. The girls on the University volleyball team are really athletic.

Accepted Answer

A. Faculty and partners are invited to a

Question 5

Federal officials referring to the governor of Louisiana, Kathleen Blanco, as the "female governor," while referring to a male governor as "governor" is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  euphemisms 
B)  female-as-the-exception 
C)  misgendering 
D)  ethnocentrism 
A)  euphemisms 
B)  female-as-the-exception 
C)  misgendering 
D)  ethnocentrism

Question 6

Inferring that women using more tentative speech in communication is a negative quality rather than inferring that tentative speech reflects better interpersonal communication is an example of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  an underappreciation of women's qualities 
B)  a female deficit interpretation 
C)  a male as the norm interpretation 
D)  an affiliative speech interpretation 
A)  an underappreciation of women's qualities 
B)  a female deficit interpretation 
C)  a male as the norm interpretation 
D)  an affiliative speech interpretation

Question 7

Robin Lakoff theorized that gender differences in communication stem from ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  women and men's innately different biology 
B)  the differences in women and men's abilities to communicate 
C)  gender roles and the relative power those roles have 
D)  the differences in the values they hold 
A)  women and men's innately different biology 
B)  the differences in women and men's abilities to communicate 
C)  gender roles and the relative power those roles have 
D)  the differences in the values they hold

Question 8

Men are slightly more likely than women to use affiliative speech.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

According to a nonsexist language perspective, even if a person's transgender or cisgender status is not relevant, it should be identified.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Campbell and Robnett (2011) conducted a meta-analysis to examine the evidence for gender differences in the four forms of tentative speech. Overall, they found large gender differences in three out of the four forms of tentative speech, with women using more tentative language than men.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Using masculine nouns and pronouns to refer to all people in a gender-neutral sense is called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  masculine generics 
B)  ethnocentrism 
C)  chauvinistic language 
D)  overgeneralization 
A)  masculine generics 
B)  ethnocentrism 
C)  chauvinistic language 
D)  overgeneralization

Question 12

Explain the clinical implications of gender differences in language. In other words, how are the gender-linked language effect and other gender differences in verbal communication relevant?

Accepted Answer

Varies. Language is often used to persua

Question 13

Having a preference for social hierarchy and inequality of equality is known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  system-justifying beliefs 
B)  social hierarchy orientation 
C)  social dominance orientation 
D)  systemic hierarchy beliefs 
A)  system-justifying beliefs 
B)  social hierarchy orientation 
C)  social dominance orientation 
D)  systemic hierarchy beliefs

Question 14

In a study done by Thomson et al. (2001) in which participants corresponded with a fictitious netpal, researchers found that ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  women expressed more emotion than men, regardless of the netpal's responses 
B)  men responded with fewer emotions than women when the netpal was female 
C)  respondents shifted their e-talk to be similar to that of their netpal 
D)  women disclosed more personal information than men when the netpal was female 
A)  women expressed more emotion than men, regardless of the netpal's responses 
B)  men responded with fewer emotions than women when the netpal was female 
C)  respondents shifted their e-talk to be similar to that of their netpal 
D)  women disclosed more personal information than men when the netpal was female

Question 15

Misgendering a transgender person can threaten their sense of identity.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In Hyde's research on children's responses to the gender-neutral occupation, "wudgemaker," the results indicated that ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  males preferred to be a wudgemaker when they grew up, but females preferred not to be 
B)  girls said they would like to be wudgemakers but felt incompetent to do so 
C)  children assumed wudgemakers were male 
D)  women were rated as significantly more competent at being wudgemakers when the wudgemaker was referred to as "she," rather than "he" 
A)  males preferred to be a wudgemaker when they grew up, but females preferred not to be 
B)  girls said they would like to be wudgemakers but felt incompetent to do so 
C)  children assumed wudgemakers were male 
D)  women were rated as significantly more competent at being wudgemakers when the wudgemaker was referred to as "she," rather than "he"

Question 17

Based on the research regarding interruption, a feminist would infer that interruption in communication is related to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  androcentric culture 
B)  power and status 
C)  intersectionality 
D)  the persistence of traditional gender roles 
A)  androcentric culture 
B)  power and status 
C)  intersectionality 
D)  the persistence of traditional gender roles

Question 18

Charlotte is a transwoman. Someone refers to her as "he." This is an instance of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  sexism 
B)  misgendering 
C)  stereotyping 
D)  discrimination 
A)  sexism 
B)  misgendering 
C)  stereotyping 
D)  discrimination

Question 19

Tannen claimed that gender differences in communication stem from the different goals that men and women have when they communicate. Her position is called the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  gender cultures theory 
B)  difference in communication hypothesis 
C)  different cultures hypothesis 
D)  gender difference in conversation theory 
A)  gender cultures theory 
B)  difference in communication hypothesis 
C)  different cultures hypothesis 
D)  gender difference in conversation theory

Question 20

"Power posing" refers to ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  men posing 
B)  expansive posture 
C)  women posing 
D)  contractive posture 
A)  men posing 
B)  expansive posture 
C)  women posing 
D)  contractive posture

Explain Mulac's gender-linked language effect. What do Mulac's findings demonstrate regarding his theory? (i.e., is the theory supported?)

In language, compared with men, women typically ______.

Meta-analysis tells us that women convey nonverbal messages or cues ______ men do.

Federal officials referring to the governor of Louisiana, Kathleen Blanco, as the "female governor," while referring to a male governor as "governor" is an example of ______.

Inferring that women using more tentative speech in communication is a negative quality rather than inferring that tentative speech reflects better interpersonal communication is an example of ______.

Robin Lakoff theorized that gender differences in communication stem from ______.

Men are slightly more likely than women to use affiliative speech.

According to a nonsexist language perspective, even if a person's transgender or cisgender status is not relevant, it should be identified.

Campbell and Robnett (2011) conducted a meta-analysis to examine the evidence for gender differences in the four forms of tentative speech. Overall, they found large gender differences in three out of the four forms of tentative speech, with women using more tentative language than men.

Using masculine nouns and pronouns to refer to all people in a gender-neutral sense is called ______.

Explain the clinical implications of gender differences in language. In other words, how are the gender-linked language effect and other gender differences in verbal communication relevant?

Having a preference for social hierarchy and inequality of equality is known as ______.

In a study done by Thomson et al. (2001) in which participants corresponded with a fictitious netpal, researchers found that ______.

Misgendering a transgender person can threaten their sense of identity.

In Hyde's research on children's responses to the gender-neutral occupation, "wudgemaker," the results indicated that ______.

Based on the research regarding interruption, a feminist would infer that interruption in communication is related to ______.

Charlotte is a transwoman. Someone refers to her as "he." This is an instance of ______.

Tannen claimed that gender differences in communication stem from the different goals that men and women have when they communicate. Her position is called the ______.

"Power posing" refers to ______.

Introduction

Theoretical Perspectives on Gender

Gender Stereotypes and Gender Differences

The Intersection of Gender and Ethnicity

Gender and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Abilities, Motivation, and Achievement

Gender and Work

Biology and Gender

Psychology, Gender, and Health

Gender and Sexuality

Gender and Sexual Orientation

Gender and Victimization

Gender and Mental Health Issues

The Psychology of Men and Masculinity

Retrospect and Prospect

Filters

Exam 5: Gender and Communication

Explain Mulac's gender-linked language effect. What do Mulac's findings demonstrate regarding his theory? (i.e., is the theory supported?)

In language, compared with men, women typically ______.

Meta-analysis tells us that women convey nonverbal messages or cues ______ men do.

Federal officials referring to the governor of Louisiana, Kathleen Blanco, as the "female governor," while referring to a male governor as "governor" is an example of ______.

Inferring that women using more tentative speech in communication is a negative quality rather than inferring that tentative speech reflects better interpersonal communication is an example of ______.

Robin Lakoff theorized that gender differences in communication stem from ______.

Men are slightly more likely than women to use affiliative speech.

According to a nonsexist language perspective, even if a person's transgender or cisgender status is not relevant, it should be identified.

Campbell and Robnett (2011) conducted a meta-analysis to examine the evidence for gender differences in the four forms of tentative speech. Overall, they found large gender differences in three out of the four forms of tentative speech, with women using more tentative language than men.

Using masculine nouns and pronouns to refer to all people in a gender-neutral sense is called ______.

Explain the clinical implications of gender differences in language. In other words, how are the gender-linked language effect and other gender differences in verbal communication relevant?

Having a preference for social hierarchy and inequality of equality is known as ______.

In a study done by Thomson et al. (2001) in which participants corresponded with a fictitious netpal, researchers found that ______.

Misgendering a transgender person can threaten their sense of identity.

In Hyde's research on children's responses to the gender-neutral occupation, "wudgemaker," the results indicated that ______.

Based on the research regarding interruption, a feminist would infer that interruption in communication is related to ______.

Charlotte is a transwoman. Someone refers to her as "he." This is an instance of ______.

Tannen claimed that gender differences in communication stem from the different goals that men and women have when they communicate. Her position is called the ______.

"Power posing" refers to ______.

Introduction

Theoretical Perspectives on Gender

Gender Stereotypes and Gender Differences

The Intersection of Gender and Ethnicity

Gender and Emotion

Lifespan Development

Abilities, Motivation, and Achievement

Gender and Work

Biology and Gender

Psychology, Gender, and Health

Gender and Sexuality

Gender and Sexual Orientation

Gender and Victimization

Gender and Mental Health Issues

The Psychology of Men and Masculinity

Retrospect and Prospect

Filters